Hello, My World

Sweet =)

2011-12-07T11:21:00.000-08:00

Working women -- The Economist

2011-11-29T12:10:00.000-08:00

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/11/working-women

See the big difference between China and India. I wonder does one-child policy help with the high women labor participation rate in China (because parents only get one daughter to depend on?)

全球通史摘抄

2011-11-28T19:35:00.000-08:00

第一编第一章

文明之前的人类

如果这样做了,我们就会发现,有一块陆地在世界上跟有独一无二、无可争辩的地位, 这就是欧亚大陆——它自新石器时代以来,一直是世界历史的真正心脏地区。欧亚大陆占地球陆地总表面的五分之二,其人口为世界人口的十分之九。人类最先进、最持久的文明就是在那里发展起来的。在很大程度上,可以说,人类的历史也就是欧亚大陆各文明地区的历史。欧亚大陆的地位何以会如此优越,其主要原因,也许可用著名人类学家弗朗兹·博亚兹的观点来说明:

人类的历史证明,一个社会集团,其文化的进步往往取决于它是否有机会吸取邻近社会集团的经验。一个社会集团所获得的种种发现可以传给其他社会集团;彼此之间的交流愈多样化,相互学习的机会也就愈多。大体上,文化最原始的部落也就是那些长期与世隔绝的部落,因而,它们不能从邻近部落所取得的文化成就中获得好处。

换句话说,如果其他地理因素相同,那么人类取得进步的关键就在于各民族之间的可接近性。最有机会与其他民族相互影响的那些民族,最有可能得到突飞猛进的发展。实际上,环境也迫使它们非迅速发展不可,因为它们面临的不仅是发展的机会,还有被淘汰的压力。如果不能很好地利用相互影响的机会求得发展,这种可接近性就常会带来被同化或被消灭的危险。相反,那些处于闭塞状态下的民族,既得不到外来的促进,也没有外来的威胁,因而,被淘汰的压力对它们来说是不存在的,它们可以按原来的状况过上几千年而不危及其生存。

从世界史的角度看,不应把欧亚大陆看作是由欧洲和亚洲这两块大陆组成的,而应看作是由中东、印度、中国、欧洲和欧亚大陆中部草原地区这五失具有深远历史意义的地区组成的。

欧亚大陆中部草原地区拥有无边无际的草地,从东方的中国东北部一直延伸到西方的匈牙利。它为由欧亚大陆边缘地区向外伸展的各文明中心进行交往提供了一条陆上通道。靠大草原养活的游牧民们总是赶着他们的牧群,到处迁徙,并随时准备着,一有机会,就去攫取北京、德里、巴格达和罗马的财富。肥沃的大河流域和平原创造了欧亚大陆古老的核心文明,而大草原则便利了这些文明之间的接触和联系。这种联系,有时取和平的方式,即通过陆上贸易的途径;有时则取侵掠的方式,即贫瘠的内陆地区的游牧部族不断地去劫掠使他们馋涎欲滴的富庶的外国区域。因此,欧亚大陆的历史基本上是在游牧部族与定居文明相互影响的过程中形成的。来自游牧部族的不断的侵掠常常造成了涉及范围广泛的强大的部族迁徙运动。这种侵掠不仅具有很大的破坏性,而且也具有革新的作用。它将没落的王朝、僵化的制度和陈旧的习俗扫荡殆尽,而导入新的民族、技术和思想,因而,在很大程度上决定了欧亚大陆历史的发展进程。 1500 年之前的欧亚大陆的历史分为上古时期、古典时期和中古时期——这是本卷所要研究的三大历史时期。这三大历史时期的主要转折点的到来,大体均起因于游牧部族的侵掠活动。

澳大刮亚的土著居民生活在遥远的海岛上,与大陆完全隔绝达 30000 年之久,因而,他们在发展过程中受到的阻碍最大。他们全都停留在食物采集阶段,与非洲人和美洲印第安人的情况形成了鲜明对照。非洲人除了霍屯督人和你相术人还处于食物采集阶段外,在苏丹地带已建立起庞大的帝国;美州印第安人虽在加利福尼亚和火地岛仍有部分食物采集者,然在其他地方已有了先进的阿兹台克人文明、印加人文明和玛雅人文明。实际上,南太平洋给澳大利亚造成的隔绝状态,既阻碍了人类文化的发展,又使古代的某些动植物如桉树属植物、单孔目动物和有袋目动物得以幸存下来。

欧亚大陆历史悠久的高级文明、非洲和南北美洲同时并存的庞大帝国和食物采集者集团、澳大利亚普遍而单一的旧石器时代的生产水平——这些就是 15 世纪当欧洲人向海外探险时所遇见的各人类社会极为不同的情形。

Running Stats

2011-09-23T16:16:00.000-07:00

sin 4 degree * 3 miles
= 0.07 * 3 * 1.6 * 3.28 * 1000 ft
= 1100 ft

sin 15 degree * 3 miles
= 0.26 * xxx
= 4100 ft

wow, so much elevation difference. lol

One hundred peaks

2011-09-21T10:57:00.000-07:00

http://angeles.sierraclub.org/hps/hpslist.htm

Only 5 done.. -_-

Mt Lowe 5,603'

Mt Wilson 5,710's

Mt San Antonio 10,064'

Dawson Peak 9,575'

Pine Mountain 9,648'

Update 09/24/11, 2 more peaks

Waterman Mountain 8,038'

Twin Peaks 7,761'

Update 10/01/11, 1 more peak

San Gorgonio Mountain 11,499'

Update 10/15/11, 1 more peak

San Jacinto Peak 10,804'

Update 10/23/11, 3 more peaks

Timber Mountain 8,303'

Telegraph Peak 8,985'

Thunder Mountain 8,587'

Update 11/05/11, 1 more peak

Cucamonga Peak 8,859'

Update 12/11/11, 1 more peak

Monrovia Peak 5,409'

Resource:

Free topo map from USGS
Reasonable Difficulty: Best Hikes in Los Angeles

Hardcore Hikers

How to Train

I'm starting my C2C training

2011-08-21T18:49:00.001-07:00

TOMORROW.

^________^

UKTrip -- High School Reunion

2011-08-18T11:05:00.000-07:00

After Asia, North America, Australia, now came Europe. Or more specifically, the island near the Continental Europe. -__-

The first stop was Cambridge, where my two high school classmates, Lao Guo and Yan Feng, study. Lao Guo likes to emphasize on the time span since we last met, "Ah, 7 years, 7 years have passed", and since we first met, "Ah, 11 years, we have known each other for 11 years". This made me suddenly feel old and nostalgic. What made things worse is the unbelievable brain memory of Lao Guo that enables him to recall every detail of events happened in high school. In contrast, I can only recall blurry images and feelings.

Lao Guo said I didn't change at all, still like 11 years ago. I disagreed. Then Lao Guo asked me if I think he changed. I thought for a while, "maybe, but not much". "You see, the first impression has been deeply planted into our mind, really hard to change", Lao Guo analyzed.

I wasn't fond of my high school, and also felt guilty on certain things. Maybe that's why I tend to forget details and rarely contact my high school classmates. "Who still remember those things, take it easy", Lao Guo was a little surprised when I said so. "Besides, it's really not easy for us to meet each other and get stuck together for 3 years". Yes, Lao Guo might be right. Our high school was intense, in the sense that 22 kids have to spend every minute together every day for 3 years, taking all classes together and no home to escape on weekends. Frictions are unavoidable. However, after so many years, who still remember the details? Time has washed them away and only left the good memory of youth.

One thing I hate

2011-05-17T14:07:00.000-07:00

is my gene.

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER Notes

2011-05-17T13:16:00.001-07:00

ON THE SUFFERINGS OF THE WORLD.

Unless suffering is the direct and immediate object of life, our existence must entirely fail of its aim. It is absurd to look upon the enormous amount of pain that abounds everywhere in the world, and originates in needs and necessities inseparable from life itself, as serving no purpose at all and the result of mere chance. Each separate misfortune, as it comes, seems, no doubt, to be something exceptional; but misfortune in general is the rule.

I know of no greater absurdity than that propounded by most systems of philosophy in declaring evil to be negative in its character. Evil is just what is positive; it makes its own existence felt. Leibnitz is particularly concerned to defend this absurdity; and he seeks to strengthen his position by using a palpable and paltry sophism.[1] It is the good which is negative; in other words, happiness and satisfaction always imply some desire fulfilled, some state of pain brought to an end.

......

But misfortune has its uses; for, as our bodily frame would burst asunder if the pressure of the atmosphere was removed, so, if the lives of men were relieved of all need, hardship and adversity; if everything they took in hand were successful, they would be so swollen with arrogance that, though they might not burst, they would present the spectacle of unbridled folly—nay, they would go mad. And I may say, further, that a certain amount of care or pain or trouble is necessary for every man at all times. A ship without ballast is unstable and will not go straight.

Certain it is that work, worry, labor and trouble, form the lot of almost all men their whole life long. But if all wishes were fulfilled as soon as they arose, how would men occupy their lives? what would they do with their time? If the world were a paradise of luxury and ease, a land flowing with milk and honey, where every Jack obtained his Jill at once and without any difficulty, men would either die of boredom or hang themselves; or there would be wars, massacres, and murders; so that in the end mankind would inflict more suffering on itself than it has now to accept at the hands of Nature.

......

THE VANITY OF EXISTENCE.

......

Human life must be some kind of mistake. The truth of this will be sufficiently obvious if we only remember that man is a compound of needs and necessities hard to satisfy; and that even when they are satisfied, all he obtains is a state of painlessness, where nothing remains to him but abandonment to boredom. This is direct proof that existence has no real value in itself; for what is boredom but the feeling of the emptiness of life? If life—the craving for which is the very essence of our being—were possessed of any positive intrinsic value, there would be no such thing as boredom at all: mere existence would satisfy us in itself, and we should want for nothing. But as it is, we take no delight in existence except when we are struggling for something; and then distance and difficulties to be overcome make our goal look as though it would satisfy us—an illusion which vanishes when we reach it; or else when we are occupied with some purely intellectual interest—when in reality we have stepped forth from life to look upon it from the outside, much after the manner of spectators at a play. And even sensual pleasure itself means nothing but a struggle and aspiration, ceasing the moment its aim is attained. Whenever we are not occupied in one of these ways, but cast upon existence itself, its vain and worthless nature is brought home to us; and this is what we mean by boredom. The hankering after what is strange and uncommon—an innate and ineradicable tendency of human nature—shows how glad we are at any interruption of that natural course of affairs which is so very tedious.

......

Chinese Poems

2011-04-22T17:16:00.000-07:00

Don't know who ranked them though.. -_-||

--------------------------------

　　 36《登幽州台歌》·陈子昂

　　　　前不见古人，

　　　　后不见来者。

　　　　念天地之悠悠，

　　　　独怆然而涕下！

　　陈子昂（公元659～公元700年），唐代文学家,初唐诗文革新人物之一。字伯玉，梓州射洪(今属四川)人。因曾任右拾遗，后世称为陈拾遗。其诗风骨峥嵘，寓意深远，苍劲有力，有《陈伯玉集》传世。《登幽州台歌》和《蓟丘览古赠卢居士藏用》七首也是他杰出的代表作。他是唐诗开创时期在诗歌革新的理论和实践上都有重大功绩的诗人，杜甫称赞他：“千古立忠义，感遇有遗篇。”白居易赞他：“杜甫陈子昂,才名括天地。” 韩愈称赞他：“国朝盛文章，子昂始高蹈。”都对他在唐诗发展上的功绩有高度的肯定，也反映了唐代诗人的公论，至于他的《感遇诗》直接启发了张九龄《感遇》和李白《古风》的创作，李白继承他以复古为革新的理论，进一步完成唐诗革新的历史任务，更是众所周知的事实。

　　从这首流传千古的《登幽州台歌》，我们当可以看出诗人孤独遗世、独立苍茫的落寞情怀。本篇在艺术表现上也很出色。上两句俯仰古今，写出时间绵长；第三句登楼眺望，写出空间辽阔。在广阔无垠的背景中，第四句描绘了诗人孤单寂寞悲哀苦闷的情绪，两相映照，分外动人。

　　 35.《春望》·杜甫

　　　　国破山河在，城春草木深。

　　　　感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。

　　　　烽火连三月，家书抵万金。

　　　　白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。

　　杜甫（712~770），字子美，号少陵野老，世称杜少陵，杜工部。汉族，由湖北搬到河南巩县（今郑州巩义）人，我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人、世称“诗圣”、世界文化名人，与李白并称“李杜”。杜甫的诗篇流传数量是唐诗里最多最广泛的,是唐代最杰出的诗人之一,对后世影响深远。

　　这首诗反映了诗人热爱国家、眷念家人的美好情操，意脉贯通而不平直，情景兼具而不游离，感情强烈而不浅露，内容丰富而不芜杂，格律严谨而不板滞，以仄起仄落的五律正格，写得铿然作响，气度浑灏，因而一千二百余年来一直脍炙人口，历久不衰。

　　34《如梦令·昨夜雨疏风骤》·李清照

　　　　昨夜雨疏风骤，

　　　　浓睡不消残酒。

　　　　试问卷帘人，

　　　　却道海棠依旧。

　　　　知否，知否？

　　　　应是绿肥红瘦。

　　李清照（1081─1155？）号易安居士，济南（今属山东）人。李清照是我国宋代一位著名的女词人，是宋朝词坛的一颗明星。她以他自成一格的词作，独树一帜，赢得了当时和后世的好评，在诗歌使上占据着重要的位置。

　　这首小令是李清照的奠定“才女”地位之作，轰动朝野。传闻就是这首词，使得赵明诚日夜作相思之梦，充分说明了这首小令在当时引起的轰动。又说此词是化用韩偓《懒起》诗意。韩诗曰：“昨夜三更雨，临明一阵寒。海棠花在否？侧卧卷帘看。”但李清照的小令较原诗更胜一筹，入木三分地刻画了少女的伤春心境。

　　这首小词，只有短短六句三十三言，却写得曲折委婉，极有层次。词人因惜花而痛饮，因情知花谢却又抱一丝侥幸心理而“试问”，因不相信“卷帘人”的回答而再次反问，如此层层转折，步步深入，将惜花之情表达得摇曳多姿。《蓼园词选》云：“短幅中藏无数曲折，自是圣于词者。”可谓的评。

　　33《龟虽寿》·曹操

　　　　神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。

　　　　螣蛇乘雾，终为土灰。

　　　　老骥伏枥，志在千里；

　　　　烈士暮年，壮心不已。

　　　　盈缩之期，不但在天；

　　　　养怡之福，可得永年。

　　　　幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。

　　关于曹操的文学地位，过去常为其政治业绩所掩，而不为人重视，其实，他在中国文学发展史上，是有卓越贡献的人物，特别对建安文学有开创之功，实在是应当大书一笔的。

　　本诗作于建安十二年(207)，时曹操五十三岁。诗中融哲理思考、慷慨激情和艺术形象于一炉，表现了老当益壮、积极进取的人生态度。这是一首富于哲理的诗，阐发了诗人的人生态度。诗中 “ 老骥伏枥 ” 四句是千古传诵的名句，笔力遒劲，韵律沉雄，内蕴着一股自强不息的豪迈气概，《龟虽寿》更可贵的价值在于这是一首真正的诗歌，它开辟了一个诗歌的新时代，汉武帝罢黜百家，独尊儒术，把汉代人的思想禁锢了三四百年，弄得汉代文人不会写诗，只会写那些歌颂帝王功德的大赋和没完没了地注释儒家经书，真正有感情，有个性的文学得不到发展。直到东汉末年天下分崩，风云扰攘，政治思想文化发生重大变化，作为一世之雄而雅爱诗章的曹操，带头叛经离道，给文坛带来了自由活跃的空气。他“外定武功，内兴文学”，身边聚集了“建安七子”等一大批文人，他们都是天下才志之士，生活在久经战乱的时代，思想感情常常表现得慷慨激昂。

　　32.《江城子·密州出猎》·苏轼

　　　　老夫聊发少年狂。左牵黄，右擎苍，锦帽貂裘，千骑卷平冈。

　　　　为报倾城随太守，亲射虎，看孙郎。

　　　　酒酣胸胆尚开张。鬓微霜，又何妨！持节云中，何日遣冯唐？

　　　　会挽雕弓如满月，西北望，射天狼。

　　这首词作于熙宁八年（1075年）冬。苏轼词风于密州时期正式形成，这首词即公认的第一首豪放词。苏轼对这首痛快淋漓之作颇为自得，在给友人的信中曾写道：“近却颇作小词，虽无柳七郎风味，亦自是一家。呵呵，数日前，猎于郊外，所获颇多，作得一阕，令东州壮士抵掌顿足而歌之，吹笛击鼓以为节，颇壮观也。”苏轼此词一反“诗庄词媚”的传统观念，“一洗绮罗香泽之态，摆脱绸缪宛转之度”，拓宽了词的境界，树起了词风词格的别一旗帜。

　　这首词感情纵横奔放，令人“觉天风海雨逼人”。词中表现了作者的胸襟见识，情感兴趣，希望理想，一波三折，姿态横生，“狂”态毕露；虽不乏慷慨激愤之情，但气象恢弘，一反词作柔弱的格调，“指出向上一路，新天下耳目”，充满阳刚之美，成为历史弥珍的名篇。

　　 31《月下独酌（四首其一）》·李白

　　　　花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。

　　　　举杯邀明月，对影成三人。

　　　　月既不解饮，影徒随我身。

　　　　暂伴月将影，行乐须及春。

　　　　我歌月徘徊，我舞影零乱。

　　　　醒时同交欢，醉后各分散。

　　　　永结无情游，相期邈云汉。

　　李白 (701—762年)，生于公元701年2月8日，汉族，字太白，号青莲居士，唐代最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。在我国历史上，被称为"诗仙"。其诗风豪放飘逸，想象丰富，语言流转自然，音律和谐多变。他善于从民歌、神话中汲取营养素材，构成其特有的瑰丽绚烂的色彩，是屈原以来积极浪漫主义诗歌的新高峰，与杜甫并称“李杜”，是华夏史上最伟大的诗人之一。

　　李白的五言古诗创作的题材非常广泛，风格也是多姿多彩的，这首《月下独酌》完全是李白飘逸风神和浪漫诗风以及个人精神世界的充分展示。全诗一共十四句，前八句平声韵，后六句仄声韵。就五言古诗这一体裁来说，《月下独酌》的篇幅并不算长，但其中却饱含了一颗孤独、寂寞心灵的追求与向往。这首诗通篇的出场人物只有李白自己一个人，却通过独白的方式，在心灵的深处掀起了一层又一层的感情波澜，既跌宕起伏又率性天然，历来被认为是李白诗歌的激情代表之作。

　　30.《蒹葭·诗经·国风·秦风》

　　　　蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。

　　　　溯洄从之，道阻且长；溯游从之，宛在水中央。

　　　　蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。

　　　　溯洄从之，道阻且跻；溯游从之，宛在水中坻。

　　　　蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。

　　　　溯洄从之，道阻且右；溯游从之，宛在水中沚。

　　《诗经》是中国现实主义文学的光辉起点。由于其内容丰富、思想和艺术上的高度成就，在中国以至世界文化史上都占有重要地位。它开创了中国诗歌的优秀传统，对后世文学产生了不可磨灭的影响。

　　《蒹葭》选自《诗经?国风?秦风》，大约是2500年以前产生在秦地的一首民歌,是诗经中最优秀的篇章之一。如果把诗中的“伊人”认定为情人、恋人，那么，这首诗就是表现了抒情主人公对美好爱情的执著追求和追求不得的惆怅心情。精神是可贵的，感情是真挚的，但结果是渺茫的，处境是可悲的。然而这首诗最有价值意义、最令人共鸣的东西，不是抒情主人公的追求和失落，而是他所创造的“在水一方”——可望难即这一具有普遍意义的艺术意境。

　　29.《沁园春·长沙》·毛泽东

　　独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。

　　　　看万山红遍，层林尽染；

　　　　漫江碧透，百舸争流。

　　　　鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，

　　　　万类霜天竞自由。

　　　　怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？

　　　　携来百侣曾游，

　　　　忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。

　　　　恰同学少年，风华正茂；

　　　　书生意气，挥斥方遒。

　　　　指点江山，激扬文字，

　　　　粪土当年万户侯。

　　　　曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟?

　　毛泽东（1893～1976）伟大的无产阶级革命家,同时也是伟大的无产阶级诗人。著名诗人贺敬之评述毛泽东诗词时曾这样说：“毛泽东诗词以其前无古人的崇高优美的革命感情、遒劲伟美的创造力量、超越奇美的艺术思想、豪华精美的韵调辞采，形成了中国悠久的诗史上风格绝殊的新形态的诗美，这种瑰奇的诗美熔铸了毛泽东的思想和实践、人格和个性。在漫长的岁月里，可以毫不夸张地说，几乎是风靡了整个革命诗坛，吸引并熏陶了几代中国人，而且传唱到了国外。”在我看来，如果说毛主席旧体诗水平达到前无古人后无来者有人还持异议，但说毛主席旧体诗代表了当代旧体诗词的最高水平应该是毫无疑义的。我坚定认为毛主席旧体诗水平达到前无古人后无来者水平，是中国旧体诗词第一人。

　　《沁园春·长沙》的崇高美，是以情为经线，景为纬线，交织而成的。它不仅使我们得到欣赏壮丽秋景的艺术享受，也使我们从诗人昂扬炽烈的革命情怀中，汲取奋发前进的信心和力量。在毛主席诗词中，以对山川景物的描绘体现得最为鲜明。《沁园春·长沙》就是其中最优秀的篇什之一。

　　28.《蜀相》·杜甫　

　　丞相祠堂何处寻？锦官城外柏森森。

　　映阶碧草自春色，隔叶黄鹂空好音。

　　三顾频烦天下计，两朝开济老臣心。

　　出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟。

　　

　　“李杜文章万丈高，就中诗律杜陵豪。”杜甫的律诗的确取得了他人难以企及的成就，尤其是夔州以后的诗作，更加成熟。他的律诗对仗工妥，用字精当，声音和谐。正如他自己所表白的那样，“晚节渐于诗律细”、“语不惊人死不休”。杜甫律诗的这些长处，读者在细读《蜀相》这首诗时，是能够领悟得出的。《蜀相》是杜甫的名篇之一，对于壮志未酬者，它既是颂辞，又是挽歌。唐代诗人刘禹锡说：“片言可以明百意，坐驰可以役万里，工于诗者能之。”《蜀相》一诗囊括历史，融汇古今，语言凝炼而内涵丰富。如果把刘禹锡的话用来评《蜀相》，杜甫是当之无愧的。

　　 27.《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》·苏轼

　　　　十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘。千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。

　　　　夜来幽梦忽还乡，小轩窗，正梳妆，相顾无言，惟有泪千行。料得年年肠断处，明月夜，短松冈。

　　　这是苏轼为悼念原配妻子王弗而写的一首悼亡词。词中采用白描手法，出语如话家常，却字字从肺腑镂出，自然而又深刻，平淡中寄寓着真淳。这首词思致委婉，境界层出，情调凄凉哀婉，为脍炙人口的名作。唐五代及北宋描写妇女的词篇，多数境界狭窄，词语尘下。苏轼此词境界开阔，感情纯真，品格高尚，读来使人耳目一新。用词来悼亡，是苏轼首创。在扩大词的题材，在丰富词的表现力方面，本篇应占有一定的地位。

　　26.《锦瑟》·李商隐

　　　　锦瑟无端五十弦，一弦一柱思华年。

　　　　庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶，望帝春心托杜鹃。

　　　　沧海月明珠有泪，蓝田日暖玉生烟。

　　　　此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然。

　　李商隐（约812年或813年~约858年），汉族，字义山，号玉溪生，又号樊南生、樊南子，晚唐著名诗人。李商隐通常被视作唐代后期最杰出的诗人，其诗风受李贺影响颇深，在句法、章法和结构方面则受到杜甫和韩愈的影响。许多评论家认为，在唐朝的优秀诗人中，他的重要性仅次于杜甫、李白、王维等人。就诗歌风格的独特性而言，他与其他任何诗人相比都不逊色。赞赏李商隐诗歌和批评他的人，所针对的都是他鲜明的个人风格。后世许多诗人模仿李商隐的风格，但没有一位被认可。

　　这首《锦瑟》，是李商隐的代表作，爱诗的无不乐道喜吟，堪称最享盛名；然而它又是最不易讲解的一篇难诗。自宋元以来，揣测纷纷，莫衷一是。

　　25.《行路难》·李白

　　金樽清酒斗十千，玉盘珍馐直万钱。

　　停杯投箸不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。

　　欲渡黄河冰塞川，将登太行雪暗天。

　　闲来垂钓坐溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边。

　　行路难，行路难，多歧路，今安在。

　　长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

　　这首诗一共十四句，八十二个字，在七言歌行中只能算是短篇，但它跳荡纵横，具有长篇的气势格局。其重要的原因之一，就在于它百步九折地揭示了诗人感情的激荡起伏、复杂变化。　这首诗共十四句八十二字，在七言歌行中属短篇。但诗中跌宕起伏的感情，跳跃式的思维，以及高昂的气势，使它成为后人称颂的千古名篇。

　　24.《出塞》·王昌龄

　　　　秦时明月汉时关，

　　　　万里长征人未还。

　　　　但使龙城飞将在，

　　　　不教胡马度阴山。

　　王昌龄（690-756），汉族。字少伯，盛唐著名边塞诗人。殷璠《河岳英灵集》把他举为体现“风骨”的代表，誉其诗为“中兴高作”，选入的数量也为全集之冠。这些都可见他在诗坛上的地位。王昌龄的诗以三类题材居多，即边塞、闺情宫怨和送别。《全唐诗》对昌龄诗的评价是“绪密而思清”，他的七绝诗尤为出色，甚至可与李白媲美，故被冠之以“七绝圣手”的名号。尤其是他的边塞诗，流畅通脱，高昂向上，深受后人推崇。

　　《出塞》为乐府《横吹曲》旧题，多写军旅征戌。原作二首，此其一。诗人借用乐府旧题，写下这首铿锵有力的诗篇，也正是抒发出征塞外、为国守边的豪情壮志和内心感慨。这首《出塞》，除具有一般边塞诗那种激越的诗情和那种奔腾的气势外，还很注意语言的精美，并善于在雄壮的场面中插入细节的描写，酝酿诗情，勾勒形象，因而能够神完气足，含蓄不尽，形成独特的艺术风格。

　　23.《菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁》·辛弃疾

　　　　郁孤台下清江水，中间多少行人泪! 西北望长安，可怜无数山!

　　　　青山遮不住，毕竟东流去。江晚正愁余，山深闻鹧鸪。

　　辛弃疾（1140－1207）享年６７岁，南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人，汉族。我国历史上伟大的词人和爱国者。与苏轼齐名，并称“苏辛”，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。在苏轼的基础上，大大开拓了词的思想意境，提高了词的文学地位。后人遂以“苏、辛”并称。其诗文亦有足称道者，特别是其文“笔势浩荡，智略辐凑，有权书衡论之风”。他的词作“大声镗鞳，小声铿鍧，横绝六合，扫空万古，自有苍生所未见”，已成为中国文学史上的瑰宝；

　　辛弃疾此首《菩萨蛮》，用极高明之比兴艺术，写极深沉之爱国情思，无愧为词中瑰宝。梁启超云：“《菩萨蛮》如此大声镗鞳，未曾有也。

　　(注:辛弃疾好多好词,就像杜甫好多好诗一样,有不少人喜欢辛弃疾《贺新郎》但我查阅了网上好多资料和评论,觉得《贺新郎》只不过是和《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》、《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》、《丑奴儿 ?书博山道中壁》同为上等之作,但还不是数一数二之作,本人更喜欢《丑奴儿 ?书博山道中壁》的诗句:“少年不识愁滋味，爱上层楼，爱上层楼，为赋新词强说愁。而今识尽愁滋味，欲说还休，欲说还休，却道天凉好个秋！”)

　　22.《忆秦娥·娄山关》·毛泽东

　　　　忆秦娥·娄山关

　　　　西风烈，

　　　　长空雁叫霜晨月。

　　　　霜晨月，

　　　　马蹄声碎，

　　　　喇叭声咽（yè)。

　　　　雄关漫道真如铁，

　　　　而今迈步从头越。

　　　　从头越，

　　　　苍山如海，

　　　　残阳如血。

　　毛泽东的诗词虽然仍依声韵，遵音律，采用中国传统的旧体诗的形式，但他却是“旧瓶装新酒”，为旧体诗的形式注入了崭新的时代内容。有人曾从技巧上批评毛泽东诗词作品，认为有些作品没有严格遵守音韵声律，甚至有重字等犯戒，又有俚语入诗词的习惯，这些也许从传统诗词创作的角度该是成立的，但我们欣赏今人的作品，没必要非要拿古人的标准苛求今人，亦步亦趋，以形式的来约束内容，恰恰相反，我们可以说，毛泽东的诗词创作大胆创新，继承古人又不拘泥于古人，形式上突破声律的繁文缛节，不以内容迁就形式，内容上取材用语大大拓宽，表现了更广阔范围内的题材，表达了更丰富更绮丽的情感世界。

　　毛泽东这首《忆秦娥·娄山关》是他所有词作中绝对第一流的作品，写景状物、抒发胸臆，堪当精品。另外，“雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越”这两句在我们日常生活中使用极为广泛。当我们在生活与工作中遇到挫折或困难时，我们情不自禁或下意识地说出这两句诗，它对于升华我们的精神起到了某种神奇般的效应，有某种神秘的符语般的力量。

　　 21.《梦游天姥吟留别》·李白

　　　　海客谈瀛洲，烟涛微茫信难求。越人语天姥，云霞明灭或可睹。天姥连天向天横，势拔五岳掩赤城。天台四万八千丈，对此欲倒东南倾。　

　　　　我欲因之梦吴越，一夜飞渡镜湖月。湖月照我影，送我至剡溪。谢公宿处今尚在，渌水荡漾清猿啼。脚著谢公屐，身登青云梯。半壁见海日，空中闻天鸡。千岩万转路不定，迷花倚石忽已暝。熊咆龙吟殷岩泉，栗深林兮惊层巅。云青青兮欲雨，水澹澹兮生烟。列缺霹雳，丘峦崩摧。洞天石扉，訇然中开。青冥浩荡不见底，日月照耀金银台。霓为裳兮风为马，云之君兮纷纷而来下。虎鼓瑟兮鸾回车，仙之人兮列如麻。忽魂悸以魄动，恍惊起而长嗟。惟觉时之枕席，失向来之烟霞。　

　　　　世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。别君去兮何时还？且放白鹿青崖间，须行即骑访名山。安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜！

　　这是一首记梦诗，也是一首游仙诗。意境雄伟，变化惝恍莫测，缤纷多采的艺术形象，新奇的表现手法，向来为人传诵，被视为李白的代表作之一。虽离奇，但不做作。内容丰富曲折，形象辉煌流丽，富有浪漫主义色彩。形式上杂言相间，兼用骚体，不受律束，体制解放。信手写来，笔随兴至，诗才横溢，堪称绝世名作。全诗雄奇豪放，瑰丽飘逸，是诗人继承屈原《离骚》、《九歌》风格的一首浪漫主义的优秀诗篇。

　　20.《声声慢》·李清照

　　　　寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。

　　　　乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。

　　　　三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急？

　　　　雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。

　　　　满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？

　　　　守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑？

　　　　梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。

　　　　这次第，怎一个愁字了得？

　　有名的《声声慢》是李清照的名作，历来为人们所称道，尤其是作者那哀婉的凄苦情，不知曾感动过多少人。唐宋古文家以散文为赋，而倚声家实以慢词为赋。慢词具有赋的铺叙特点，且蕴藉流利，匀整而富变化，堪称“赋之余”。李清照这首《声声慢》，脍炙人口数百年，就其内容而言，简直是一篇悲秋赋。综观李清照这首写于晚年的《声声慢》，无论从艺术角度还是从遣词造句方面来说，都达到了一定的高度,我们可以说《声声慢》这首满含凄苦情的词,堪称千古绝唱！

　　 19.《诗经·国风·周南·关雎》

　　　　关关雎鸠，在河之洲。

　　　　窈窕淑女，君子好逑。

　　　　参差荇菜，左右流之。

　　　　窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。

　　　　求之不得，寤寐思服。

　　　　悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。

　　　　参差荇菜，左右采之。

　　　　窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。

　　　　参差荇菜，左右芼之。

　　　　窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。

　　《关雎》出自《诗经?国风?周南》，是《诗经》的首篇，它是反映一个青年对一位容貌美丽姑娘的爱慕和追求，写他求而不得的痛苦和想象求而得之的喜悦。它是我国爱情诗之祖。不仅反映的是令人喜闻乐见的爱情题材，还具有独到的艺术特色。关雎：篇名它是从诗篇中第一句中摘取来的。《诗经》的篇名都是这样产生的。《关雎》首爱情抒情诗，久流传民间；很好的显现了当时年轻人表达爱意的方式。

　　18.《黄鹤楼》·崔颢

　　　　昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。

　　　　黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。

　　　　晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。

　　　　日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。

　　崔颢（704～754），汴州（今河南开封）人,唐代诗人。这首诗是吊古怀乡之佳作,诗以丰富的想象力将读者引入远古，又回到现实种种情思和自然景色交融在一起，有谁能不感到它的凄婉苍凉。这首诗历来为人们所推崇，被列为唐人七律之首。诗人登临古迹黄鹤楼，泛览眼前景物，即景而生情，诗兴大作，脱口而出，一泻千里。既自然宏丽，又饶有风骨。诗虽不协律，但音节浏亮而不拗口。真是信手而就，一气呵成，成为历代所推崇的珍品。即使有一代“诗仙”之称的李白，也不由得佩服得连连赞叹，觉得自己还是暂时止笔为好。为此，李白还遗憾得叹气说：“眼前好景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头！”

　　17.《青玉案·元夕》· 辛弃疾

　　　　东风夜放花千树，更吹落、星如雨。宝马雕车香满路。凤箫声动，玉壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞。

　　　　蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。

　　作为一首婉约词，这首《青玉案》与北宋婉约派大家晏殊和柳永相比，在艺术成就上毫不逊色。词作从极力渲染元宵节绚丽多彩的热闹场面入手，反衬出一个孤高淡泊、超群拔俗、不同于金翠脂粉的女性形象，寄托着作者政治失意后，不愿与世俗同流合污的孤高品格。从词调来讲，《青玉案》十分别致，它原是双调，上下阕相同，只是上阕第二句变成三字一断的叠句，跌宕生姿。下阕则无此断叠，一片三个七字排句，可排比，可变幻，随词人的心意，但排句之势是一气呵成的，单单等到排比完了，才逼出煞拍的警策句。古代词人写上元灯节的词，不计其数，辛弃疾的这一首，却没有人认为可有可无，因此也可以称作是豪杰了。

　　16.《登高》·杜甫

　　　　风急天高猿啸哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回。

　　　　无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。

　　　　万里悲秋常作客，百年多病独登台。

　　　　艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，潦倒新停浊酒杯。

　　这是一首最能代表杜诗中景象苍凉阔大、气势浑涵汪茫的七言律诗。前两联写登高闻见之景，后两联抒登高感触之情。由情选景，寓情于景，浑然一体，充分表达了诗人长年飘泊、忧国伤时、老病孤愁的复杂感情。而格调却雄壮高爽，慷慨激越，高浑一气，古今独步。

　　这首律诗很特别，其四联句句押韵，皆为工对，且首联两句，又句中自对，可谓“一篇之中，句句皆律，一句之中，字字皆律”。就写景而言，有工笔细描（首联），写出风、天、猿、渚、沙、鸟六种景物的形、声、色、态，每件景物均只用一字描写，却生动形象，精炼传神；有大笔写意（颔联），传达出秋的神韵。难怪明代胡应麟《诗薮》说，全诗“五十六字，如海底珊瑚，瘦劲难名，沉深莫测，而精光万丈，力量万钧。通章章法、句法、字法，前无昔人，后无来学，微有说者，是杜诗，非唐诗耳。然此诗自当为古今七言律第一，不必为唐人七言律第一也”。

　　15.《饮酒》·陶渊明

　　　　结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

　　　　问君何能尔？心远地自偏。

　　　　采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。

　　　　山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。

　　　　此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。

　　陶渊明（约365—427），字元亮，晚年更名潜。九江柴桑（今江西九江市）人，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、辞赋家、散文家。相关作品有《饮酒》、《桃花源记》《五柳先生传》等。南朝时期，陶渊明的文学地位，虽得不到应有的肯定，但他的诗文作品，流传越来越广，影响越来越大。到了隋唐时期，有越来越多的诗人喜欢陶渊明的诗文，对陶渊明的评价越来越高。苏轼在《与苏辙书》中说“吾与诗人无所甚好，独好渊明之诗渊明作诗不多，然其诗质而实绮，癯而实腴，自曹、刘、鲍、谢、李、杜诸人，皆莫过也”。苏东坡把陶诗放在李白、杜甫之上，有失公允，但他用“质而实绮，癯而实腴”八个字，概括陶诗的艺术风格，还是很准确的。陶渊明的不朽诗篇，陶渊明的伟大人品，影响了李白、杜甫、白居易、苏东坡、辛弃疾等几代文人的思想和创作。为中国文学的发展和繁荣，作出了不可估量的贡献。

　　本篇是《饮酒》二十首中的第五首。诗歌的主旨是展示诗人运用魏晋玄学“得意忘象”之说领悟“真意”的思维过程，富于理趣。前四句平易得如同口语，其实结构非常严密。第一句平平道出，第二句转折，第三句承上发问，第四句回答作结。高明在这种结构毫无生硬的人为痕迹。读者的思路不知不觉被作者引导到第四句上去了。难怪连造语峻峭的王安石也大发感慨：自有诗人以来，无此四句！

　　14.《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》·辛弃疾

　　千古江山，英雄无觅，孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台，风流总被，雨打风吹去。斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住。想当年，金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎。

　　元嘉草草，封狼居胥，赢得仓皇北顾。四十三年，望中犹记，烽火扬州路。可堪回首，佛狸祠下，一片神鸦社鼓。凭谁问：廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？

　　同属豪放派，与苏轼相比，辛弃疾少了一份旷达、一份雄迈，多了几许悲凉、几许苍劲。“大江东去，浪淘尽千古风流人物”，“乱石穿空，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪”，何等豪迈，何等雄壮!这是辛弃疾做不到的。全词基调虽是豪放，却流淌着一股浓郁的悲凉、惆怅之情。上片“千古江山”，起句伟岸、挺拔，“英雄无觅”却笔锋一转，调子低了下来。这首词是南宋豪放派词人辛弃疾的代表作，也是最优秀的爱国词作之一，历来备受后人传颂，有人甚至称此词为辛词之首。杨慎在《词品》中说:“辛词当以京口北固亭怀古《永遇乐》为第一”。

　　13.《琵琶行》·白居易

　　元和十年，予左迁九江郡司马。明年秋，送客湓浦口，闻舟中夜弹琵琶者，听其音，铮铮然有京都声。问其人，本长安倡女，尝学琵琶于穆、曹二善才，年长色衰，委身为贾人妇。遂命酒，使快弹数曲。曲罢悯然，自叙少小时欢乐事，今漂沦憔悴，转徒于江湖间。予出官二年，恬然自安，感斯人言，是夕始觉有迁谪意。因为长句，歌以赠之，凡六百一十六言，命曰《琵琶行》。

　　浔阳江头夜送客，枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。主人下马客在船，举酒欲饮无管弦。醉不成欢惨将别，别时茫茫江浸月。忽闻水上琵琶声，主人忘归客不发。寻声暗问弹者谁，琵琶声停欲语迟。移船相近邀相见，添酒回灯重开宴。千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。转轴拨弦三两声，未成曲调先有情。弦弦掩抑声声思，似诉平生不得意。低眉信手续续弹，说尽心中无限事。轻拢慢捻抹复挑，初为《霓裳》后《六幺》。大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。间关莺语花底滑，幽咽泉流冰下难。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声暂歇。别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。曲终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛。东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白。

　　沉吟放拨插弦中，整顿衣裳起敛容。自言本是京城女，家在虾蟆陵下住。[虾蟆(há　ma)陵] 十三学得琵琶成，名属教坊第一部。曲罢曾教善才服，妆成每被秋娘妒。五陵年少争缠头，一曲红绡不知数。钿头银篦击节碎，血色罗裙翻酒污。今年欢笑复明年，秋月春风等闲度。弟走从军阿姨死，暮去朝来颜色故。门前冷落鞍马稀，老大嫁作商人妇。商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去。去来江口守空船，绕船月明江水寒。夜深忽梦少年事，梦啼妆泪红阑干。

　　我闻琵琶已叹息，又闻此语重唧唧。同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识！我从去年辞帝京，谪居卧病浔阳城。浔阳地僻无音乐，终岁不闻丝竹声。住近湓江地低湿，黄芦苦竹绕宅生。其间旦暮闻何物？杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。春江花朝秋月夜，往往取酒还独倾。岂无山歌与村笛，呕哑嘲哳（zhāo zhā）难为听。今夜闻君琵琶语，如听仙乐耳暂明。莫辞更坐弹一曲，为君翻作《琵琶行》。

　　感我此言良久立，却坐促弦弦转急。凄凄不似向前声，满座重闻皆掩泣。座中泣下谁最多?江州司马青衫湿。

　　白居易(772--846)，中唐著名诗人，汉族，字乐天，号香山居士，晚年好佛，因而人称诗佛,又自号乐天居士。白居易是中国文学史上负有盛名且影响深远的唐代诗人和文学家，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称，他的诗在中国、日本和朝鲜等国有广泛影响，是“新乐府运动”的领袖。他一生作诗很多，以讽喻诗为最有名，语言通俗易懂，被称为“老妪能解”。叙事诗中《琵琶行》、《长恨歌》等极为有名!

　　这首诗的艺术性是很高的，其一，他把歌咏者与被歌咏者的思想感情融二为一，说你也是说我，说我也是说你，诗人以为他们“同是天涯沦落人”；其二，诗中的写景物、写音乐，手段都极其高超，而且又都和写身世、抒悲慨紧密结合，气氛一致，使作品自始至终浸沉在一种悲凉哀怨的氛围里。其三，作品的语言生动形象，具有很强的概括力，而且转关跳跃，简洁灵活，所以整首诗脍炙人口，极易背诵。诸如“千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面”；“别有幽情暗恨生，此时无声胜有声”；“同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识”，等等都是多么凝炼优美、多么叩人心扉的语句啊！

　　12.《短歌行》其一·曹操

　　　　对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。

　　　　慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。

　　　　青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。

　　　　呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。

　　　　明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。

　　　　越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。

　　　　月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依？

　　　　山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。

　　曹操，(155-220)即魏武帝，东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、诗人，文学方面，在曹操父子的推动下形成了以三曹（曹操、曹丕、曹植）为代表的建安文学，史称建安风骨，在文学史上留下了光辉的一笔。南朝钟嵘写了一部《诗品》，品评诗人，区分第等，把曹操的诗置于下品。可是，曹操的诗却有了一种震撼人心的巨大力量，使后代无数英雄志士为之倾倒若狂。

　　《短歌行》是汉乐府的旧题，属于《相和歌?平调曲》。这就是说它本来是一个乐曲的名称，这种乐曲怎么唱法，现在当然是不知道了。这首诗是曹操的代表作之一。诗中抒发渴望招纳贤才、建功立业的宏图大愿。用四言体写来，内容深厚，庄重典雅，感情充沛。

　　11.《蜀道难》·李白

　　噫吁嚱！危乎高哉！蜀道之难，难于上青天。蚕丛及鱼凫，开国何茫然！尔来四万八千岁，不与秦塞通人烟。西当太白有鸟道，可以横绝峨眉巅。地崩山摧壮士死，然后天梯石栈相钩连。上有六龙回日之高标，下有冲波逆折之回川。黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援。青泥何盘盘！百步九折萦岩峦。扪参历井仰胁息，以手抚膺坐长叹。

　　问君西游何时还，畏途巉岩不可攀。但见悲鸟号古木，雄飞雌从绕林间。又闻子规啼夜月，愁空山。蜀道之难，难于上青天！使人听此凋朱颜。连峰去天不盈尺，枯松倒挂倚绝壁。飞湍瀑流争喧豗，砯崖转石万壑雷。其险也如此，嗟尔远道之人胡为乎来哉？

　　剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬，一夫当关，万夫莫开。所守或匪亲，化为狼与豺。朝避猛虎，夕避长蛇。磨牙吮血，杀人如麻。锦城虽云乐，不如早还家。蜀道之难，难于上青天，侧身西望长咨嗟。

　　《蜀道难》是李白最富浪漫主义色彩的代表作。这首诗，大约是唐玄宗天宝初年，李白第一次到长安时写的。《蜀道难》是他袭用乐府古题，展开丰富的想象，着力描绘了秦蜀道路上奇丽惊险的山川，并从中透露了对社会的某些忧虑与关切。据说贺知章读至《蜀道难》时叹曰：“子谪仙人也。”《蜀道难》可以说是李白的代表作,也是成名作。

　　10.《静夜思》·李白

　　　　床前明月光，

　　　　疑是地上霜。

　　　　举头望明月，

　　　　低头思故乡。

　　短短四句诗，写得清新朴素，明白如话。它的内容是单纯的，但同时却又是丰富的。它是容易理解的，却又是体味不尽的。诗人所没有说的比他已经说出来的要多得多。它的构思是细致而深曲的，但却又是脱口吟成、浑然无迹的。从这里，我们不难领会到李白绝句的“自然”、“无意于工而无不工”的妙境。它只是用叙述的语气，写远客思乡之情，然而它却意味深长，耐人寻绎，千百年来，如此广泛地吸引着读者。　一个作客他乡的人，大概都会有这样的感觉吧：白天倒还罢了，到了夜深人静的时候，思乡的情绪，就难免一阵阵地在心头泛起波澜；何况是月明之夜，更何况是明月如霜的秋夜！

　　现在你随便找路人甲问问:“你会哪首诗啊,念首诗来听听啊”答案就是这首啊。世界上有唐人的地方就会有人读这首诗,这首诗从传诵方面来说可以说是中华第一诗。这首诗排名略后,原因是明清两代对原诗做了修改，即为现在人们熟知的版本,且短短20个字不足以表达中华文化的深和美。

　　09.《离骚》·屈原

　　帝高阳之苗裔兮，朕皇考曰伯庸。摄提贞于孟陬兮，惟庚寅吾以降。皇览揆余初度兮，肇锡余以嘉名：名余曰正则兮，字余曰灵均。

　　纷吾既有此内美兮，又重之以修能。扈江离与辟芷兮，纫秋兰以为佩。汩余若将不及兮，恐年岁之不吾与。朝搴阰之木兰兮，夕揽洲之宿莽。

　　日月忽其不淹兮，春与秋其代序。惟草木之零落兮，恐美人之迟暮。不抚壮而弃秽兮，何不改乎此度也？乘骐骥以驰骋兮，来吾道夫先路也！

　　昔三后之纯粹兮，固众芳之所在。杂申椒与菌桂兮，岂维纫夫蕙茝！彼尧舜之耿介兮，既遵道而得路。何桀纣之昌披兮，夫唯捷径以窘步。

　　惟党人之偷乐兮，路幽昧以险隘。岂余身之惮殃兮，恐皇舆之败绩！忽奔走以先后兮，及前王之踵武。荃不察余之中情兮，反信谗以齌怒。

　　余固知謇謇之为患兮，忍而不能舍也。指九天以为正兮，夫唯灵修之故也。曰黄昏以为期兮，羌中道而改路！（注1）初既与余成言兮，后悔遁而有他。

　　余既不难夫离别兮，伤灵修之数化。余既滋兰之九畹兮，又树蕙之百亩。畦留夷与揭车兮，杂杜衡与芳芷。冀枝叶之峻茂兮，愿竢时乎吾将刈。

　　虽萎绝其亦何伤兮，哀众芳之芜秽。众皆竞进以贪婪兮，凭不厌乎求索。羌内恕己以量人兮，各兴心而嫉妒。忽驰骛以追逐兮，非余心之所急。

　　老冉冉其将至兮，恐修名之不立。朝饮木兰之坠露兮，夕餐秋菊之落英。苟余情其信姱以练要兮，长顑颔亦何伤。揽木根以结茝兮，贯薜荔之落蕊。

　　矫菌桂以纫蕙兮，索胡绳之纚纚。謇吾法夫前修兮，非世俗之所服。虽不周于今之人兮，愿依彭咸之遗则。长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。

　　余虽好修姱以鞿羁兮，謇朝谇而夕替。既替余以蕙纕兮，又申之以揽茝。亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。怨灵修之浩荡兮，终不察夫民心。

　　众女嫉余之蛾眉兮，谣诼谓余以善淫。固时俗之工巧兮，偭规矩而改错。背绳墨以追曲兮，竞周容以为度。忳郁邑余侘傺兮，吾独穷困乎此时也。

　　宁溘死以流亡兮，余不忍为此态也。鸷鸟之不群兮，自前世而固然。何方圜之能周兮，夫孰异道而相安？屈心而抑志兮，忍尤而攘诟。

　　伏清白以死直兮，固前圣之所厚。悔相道之不察兮，延伫乎吾将反。回朕车以复路兮，及行迷之未远。步余马于兰皋兮，驰椒丘且焉止息。

　　进不入以离尤兮，退将复修吾初服。制芰荷以为衣兮，集芙蓉以为裳。不吾知其亦已兮，苟余情其信芳。高余冠之岌岌兮，长余佩之陆离。

　　芳与泽其杂糅兮，唯昭质其犹未亏。忽反顾以游目兮，将往观乎四荒。佩缤纷其繁饰兮，芳菲菲其弥章。民生各有所乐兮，余独好修以为常。

　　虽体解吾犹未变兮，岂余心之可惩！女媭之婵媛兮，申申其詈予曰： “鲧婞直以亡身兮，终然殀乎羽之野。汝何博謇而好修兮，纷独有此姱节？

　　薋菉葹以盈室兮，判独离而不服。” 众不可户说兮，孰云察余之中情？世并举而好朋兮，夫何茕独而不予听？” 依前圣以节中兮，喟凭心而历兹。

　　济沅湘以南征兮，就重华而陈词： “启《九辨》与《九歌》兮，夏康娱以自纵。不顾难以图后兮，五子用失乎家巷。（注3）羿淫游以佚畋兮，又好射夫封狐。

　　固乱流其鲜终兮，浞又贪夫厥家。浇身被服强圉兮，纵欲而不忍。日康娱而自忘兮，厥首用夫颠陨。夏桀之常违兮，乃遂焉而逢殃。

　　后辛之菹醢兮，殷宗用而不长。汤禹俨而祗敬兮，周论道而莫差。举贤才而授能兮，循绳墨而不颇。皇天无私阿兮，览民德焉错辅。

　　夫维圣哲以茂行兮，苟得用此下土。瞻前而顾后兮，相观民之计极。夫孰非义而可用兮？孰非善而可服？阽余身而危死兮，览余初其犹未悔。

　　不量凿而正枘兮，固前修以菹醢。” 曾歔欷余郁邑兮，哀朕时之不当。揽茹蕙以掩涕兮，沾余襟之浪浪。跪敷衽以陈辞兮，耿吾既得此中正。

　　驷玉虬以桀鹥兮，溘埃风余上征。朝发轫于苍梧兮，夕余至乎县圃。欲少留此灵琐兮，日忽忽其将暮。吾令羲和弭节兮，望崦嵫而勿迫。

　　路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。饮余马于咸池兮，总余辔乎扶桑。折若木以拂日兮，聊逍遥以相羊。前望舒使先驱兮，后飞廉使奔属。

　　鸾皇为余先戒兮，雷师告余以未具。吾令凤鸟飞腾兮，继之以日夜。飘风屯其相离兮，帅云霓而来御。纷总总其离合兮，斑陆离其上下。

　　吾令帝阍开关兮，倚阊阖而望予。时暧暧其将罢兮，结幽兰而延伫。世溷浊而不分兮，好蔽美而嫉妒。朝吾将济于白水兮，登阆风而绁马。

　　忽反顾以流涕兮，哀高丘之无女。溘吾游此春宫兮，折琼枝以继佩。及荣华之未落兮，相下女之可诒。吾令丰隆乘云兮，求宓妃之所在。

　　解佩纕以结言兮，吾令蹇修以为理。纷总总其离合兮，忽纬繣其难迁。夕归次于穷石兮，朝濯发乎洧盘。保厥美以骄傲兮，日康娱以淫游。

　　虽信美而无礼兮，来违弃而改求。览相观于四极兮，周流乎天余乃下。望瑶台之偃蹇兮，见有娀之佚女。吾令鸩为媒兮，鸩告余以不好。

　　雄鸠之鸣逝兮，余犹恶其佻巧。心犹豫而狐疑兮，欲自适而不可。凤皇既受诒兮，恐高辛之先我。欲远集而无所止兮，聊浮游以逍遥。

　　及少康之未家兮，留有虞之二姚。理弱而媒拙兮，恐导言之不固。世溷浊而嫉贤兮，好蔽美而称恶。闺中既以邃远兮，哲王又不寤。

　　怀朕情而不发兮，余焉能忍而与此终古？索藑茅以筳篿兮，命灵氛为余占之。曰：“两美其必合兮，孰信修而慕之？思九州之博大兮，岂惟是其有女？”

　　曰：“勉远逝而无狐疑兮，孰求美而释女？何所独无芳草兮，尔何怀乎故宇？” 世幽昧以昡曜兮，孰云察余之善恶？民好恶其不同兮，惟此党人其独异！

　　户服艾以盈要兮，谓幽兰其不可佩。览察草木其犹未得兮，岂珵美之能当？苏粪壤以充帏兮，谓申椒其不芳。欲从灵氛之吉占兮，心犹豫而狐疑。

　　巫咸将夕降兮，怀椒糈而要之。百神翳其备降兮，九疑缤其并迎。皇剡剡其扬灵兮，告余以吉故。曰：“勉升降以上下兮，求矩矱之所同。

　　汤禹严而求合兮，挚咎繇而能调。苟中情其好修兮，又何必用夫行媒？说操筑于傅岩兮，武丁用而不疑。吕望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得举。

　　宁戚之讴歌兮，齐桓闻以该辅。及年岁之未晏兮，时亦犹其未央。恐鹈鴂之先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不芳。” 何琼佩之偃蹇兮，众薆然而蔽之。

　　惟此党人之不谅兮，恐嫉妒而折之。时缤纷其变易兮，又何可以淹留？兰芷变而不芳兮，荃蕙化而为茅。何昔日之芳草兮，今直为此萧艾也？

　　岂其有他故兮，莫好修之害也！余以兰为可恃兮，羌无实而容长。委厥美以从俗兮，苟得列乎众芳。椒专佞以慢慆兮，榝又欲充夫佩帏。

　　既干进而务入兮，又何芳之能祗？固时俗之流从兮，又孰能无变化？览椒兰其若兹兮，又况揭车与江离？惟兹佩之可贵兮，委厥美而历兹。

　　芳菲菲而难亏兮，芬至今犹未沫。和调度以自娱兮，聊浮游而求女。及余饰之方壮兮，周流观乎上下。灵氛既告余以吉占兮，历吉日乎吾将行。

　　折琼枝以为羞兮，精琼爢以为粻。为余驾飞龙兮，杂瑶象以为车。何离心之可同兮？吾将远逝以自疏。邅吾道夫昆仑兮，路修远以周流。

　　扬云霓之晻蔼兮，鸣玉鸾之啾啾。朝发轫于天津兮，夕余至乎西极。凤皇翼其承旗兮，高翱翔之翼翼。忽吾行此流沙兮，遵赤水而容与。

　　麾蛟龙使梁津兮，诏西皇使涉予。路修远以多艰兮，腾众车使径待。路不周以左转兮，指西海以为期。屯余车其千乘兮，齐玉轪而并驰。

　　驾八龙之婉婉兮，载云旗之委蛇。抑志而弭节兮，神高驰之邈邈。奏《九歌》而舞《韶》兮，聊假日以媮乐。陟升皇之赫戏兮，忽临睨夫旧乡。

　　仆夫悲余马怀兮，蜷局顾而不行。乱曰：“已矣哉！国无人莫我知兮，又何怀乎故都！既莫足与为美政兮，吾将从彭咸之所居！”

　　注1：“曰黄昏以为期兮，羌中道而改路！”二句有的版本没有。

　　注2：“申申其詈予曰”一句，有的版本没有“曰”字。

　　注3：“五子用失乎家巷”一句中，“失”字有人认为是衍文。“巷”有人写成“衖”。

　　注4：一些汉字目前输入法字库中没有其简体，不得已以繁体代替，如“纕”、“繣”、“薆”等。

　　　　（全诗字数：2888 行数：188 ）

　　屈原(约公元前339—约前278)，战国时期的楚国诗人、政治家，“楚辞”的创立者和代表作者。20世纪，曾被推举为世界文化名人而受到广泛纪念。从屈原在当时社会中的身份来说，他是一位政治家，而不是一般意义上的“诗人”；但以他的巨大的创作成就来说，他又是我国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人。《离骚》是屈原被贬后写出来的。本诗在中国历史上有一定地位，因此诗人也称“骚人”。在诗歌形式上，屈原打破了《诗经》那种以整齐的四言句为主、简短朴素的体制，创造出句式可长可短、篇幅宏大、内涵丰富复杂的“骚体诗”，这也具有极重要的意义。

　　《楚辞》篇名。屈原的代表作。 370多句，2400多字，为中国古代最长的政治抒情诗。《离骚》的语言是相当美的。首先，大量运用了比喻象征的手法。如以采摘香草喻加强自身修养，佩带香草喻保持修洁等。《离骚》在艺术上取得的高度成就，与它丰富深刻的思想内容完美地结合在一起，使它成为中国文学史上光照千古的绝唱，并对后世产生了深远的影响。宋代著名史学家、词人宋祁说：“《离骚》为词赋之祖，后人为之，如至方不能加矩，至圆不能过规。”这就是说，《离骚》不仅开辟了一个广阔的文学领域，而且是中国诗赋方面永远不可企及的典范。鲁迅曾赞之为“逸响伟辞，卓绝一世”，给予了极高的评价。

　　总之，由屈原开创的楚辞，同《诗经》共同构成中国诗歌乃至整个中国文学的两大源头，对后世文学形成无穷的影响。而由于时代的发展，以及南北文化的区别，楚辞较之《诗经》，已有显著的进步。因之，它对后来文学的影响，更在《诗经》之上。《离骚》不仅是中国文学的奇珍，也是世界文学的瑰宝。

　　由于《离骚》是先秦古文,跟后来的古文有所区别,也是我们现在的人比较难读懂和欣赏,故排名有所靠后。

　　08.春江花月夜·张若虚

　　　　　　春江潮水连海平，海上明月共潮生。

　　　　　　滟滟随波千万里，何处春江无月明！

　　　　　　江流宛转绕芳甸，月照花林皆似霰。

　　　　　　空里流霜不觉飞，汀上白沙看不见。

　　　　　　江天一色无纤尘，皎皎空中孤月轮。

　　　　　　江畔何人初见月？江月何年初照人？

　　　　　　人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似。

　　　　　　不知江月待何人，但见长江送流水。

　　　　　　白云一片去悠悠，青枫浦上不胜愁。

　　　　　　谁家今夜扁舟子？何处相思明月楼？

　　　　　　可怜楼上月徘徊，应照离人妆镜台。

　　　　　　玉户帘中卷不去，捣衣砧上拂还来。

　　　　　　此时相望不相闻，愿逐月华流照君。

　　　　　　鸿雁长飞光不度，鱼龙潜跃水成文。

　　　　　　昨夜闲潭梦落花，可怜春半不还家。

　　　　　　江水流春去欲尽，江潭落月复西斜。

　　　　　　斜月沉沉藏海雾，碣石潇湘无限路。

　　　　　　不知乘月几人归，落月摇情满江树。

　　张若虚（约660-约720），扬州(治所在今江苏扬州)人。其与贺知章、张旭、包融并称为"吴中四士"。其诗描写细腻，音节和谐，清丽开宕，富有情韵，在初唐诗风的转变中有重要地位。但受六朝柔靡诗风影响，常露人生无常之感。诗作大部散佚，《全唐诗》仅存2首，其一为《春江花月夜》，乃千古绝唱，是一篇脍炙人口的名作，有“以孤篇压倒全唐”之誉。

　　《春江花月夜》沿用陈隋乐府旧题来抒写真挚感人的离别情绪和富有哲理意味的人生感慨，语言清新优美，韵律婉转悠扬，完全洗去了宫体诗的浓脂艳粉，给人以澄澈空明、清丽自然的感觉。张若虚在诗中将画意、诗情与对宇宙奥秘和人生哲理的体察融为一体，创造出情景交融、玲珑透彻的诗境。而在明净的诗境中，又融入了一层淡淡的忧伤。诗人将真切的生命体验融入美的形象，诗情与画意相结合，表明唐诗意境的创造已进入炉火纯青的阶段。清末王闿运评价称“张若虚《春江花月夜》用《西洲》格调，孤篇横绝，竟为大家；李贺、商隐，挹其鲜润；宋词、元诗，尽其支流”，足见其非同凡响的崇高地位和悠悠不尽之深远影响。该诗中的“春江潮水连海平，海上明月共潮生”、“江天一色无纤尘，皎皎空中孤月轮”、“此时相望不相闻，愿逐月华流照君”和“不知乘月几人归，落月摇情满江树”等皆是描摹细腻、情景交融的极佳之句。

　　07.《天净沙·秋思》·马致远

　　　　枯藤老树昏鸦，

　　　　小桥流水人家，

　　　　古道西风瘦马。

　　　　夕阳西下，

　　　　断肠人在天涯。

　　马致远同时是撰写散曲的高手，是元代散曲大家，今存散曲约130多首，他的写景作如《秋思》，如诗如画，余韵无穷。

　　这是马致远著名的小曲，28个字勾画出一幅羁旅荒郊图。这支曲以断肠人触景生情组成。从标题上看出作者抒情的动机。马致远一曲小令，短短28字，意蕴深远，结构精巧，平仄起伏，顿挫有致，音韵铿锵，直贯灵心。其四射的艺术魅力，倾倒古今多少文士雅客，骚人才子。曲中意味，既“深得唐人绝句妙景”（《人间词话》），又兼具宋词清隽疏朗之自然，历来被推崇为描写自然的佳作，堪称“秋思之祖”（《中原音韵》）。

　　06.《虞美人》·李煜

　　　　春花秋月何时了，往事知多少！小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。

　　　　雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁？恰似一江春水向东流。

　　李煜（yù）（公元937--978），字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐，莲峰居士等，是五代十国时期南唐的君主，故又被称作南唐后主或李后主。李煜工书，善画，洞晓音律，诗、词、文皆通，以词的成就最为突出。李煜在文学史上的地位，主要取决于他的艺术成就。他的词艺术成就很高。他善于用白描手法抒写自己的感情，善于用贴切的比喻将抽象的感情形象化。他的词语言明净，优美，生动，在题材和意境上均突破了“花间词”派镂金刻翠，以写艳情为主的狭窄意境，对词的发展起了极其重要的作用。

　　《虞美人》是李煜的代表作，也是李后主的绝命词。相传他于自己生日（七月七日）之夜（“七夕”），在寓所命故妓作乐，唱新作《虞美人》词，声闻于外。宋太宗闻之大怒，命人赐药酒，将他毒死。这首《虞美人》充满悲恨激楚的感情色彩，其感情之深厚、强烈，真如滔滔江水，大有不顾一切，冲决而出之势。一个处于刀俎之上的亡国之君，竟敢如此大胆地抒发亡国之恨，是史所罕见的。法国作家缪塞说：“最美丽的诗歌是最绝望的诗歌，有些不朽的篇章是纯粹的眼泪。”

　　05.《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》·苏轼

　　大江东去，浪淘尽。千古风流人物。故垒西边，人道是，三国周郎赤壁。乱石崩云，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪。江山如画，一时多少豪杰!

　　遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发，羽扇纶巾，谈笑间，樯橹灰飞烟灭。故国神游，多情应笑我，早生华发。人间如梦，一樽还酹江月。

　　苏轼这首《念奴娇》，无疑是宋词中有数之作。立足点如此之高，写历史人物又如此精妙，不但词坛罕见，在诗国也是不可多得的。这首词感慨古今，雄浑苍凉，大气磅礴，昂扬郁勃，把人们带入江山如画、奇伟雄壮的景色和深邃无比的历史沉思中。这首被誉为“千古绝唱”的名作，是宋词中流传最广、影响最大的作品，也是豪放词最杰出的代表。它写于神宗元丰五年（1082）年七月，是苏轼贬居黄州时游黄风城外的赤壁矶时所作。

　　04.《长恨歌》·白居易

　　　　汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。

　　　　天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。

　　　　春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。

　　　　云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。

　　　　承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。

　　　　金屋妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和春。姊妹弟兄皆列土，可怜光彩生门户。

　　　　遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。

　　　　缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。

　　　　九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百余里。

　　　　六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿委地无人收，翠翘金雀玉搔头。

　　　　君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦纡登剑阁。

　　　　峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。

　　　　行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声。天旋日转回龙驭，到此踌躇不能去。

　　　　马嵬坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。

　　　　归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂？

　　　　春风桃李花开夜，秋雨梧桐叶落时。西宫南苑多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。

　　　　梨园弟子白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。

　　　　迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾寒谁与共？

　　　　悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。临邛道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。

　　　　为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。

　　　　上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。

　　　　楼阁玲珑五云起，其中绰约多仙子。中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。

　　　　金阙西厢叩玉扃，转教小玉报双成。闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。

　　　　揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。

　　　　风吹仙袂飘飖举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。

　　　　含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。

　　　　回头下望人寰处，不见长安见尘雾。惟将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。

　　　　钗留一股合一扇，钗擘黄金合分钿。但令心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。

　　　　临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。

　　　　在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期。

　　作为一首千古绝唱的叙事诗，《长恨歌》在艺术上的成就是很高的。古往今来，许多人都肯定这首诗的特殊的艺术魅力。《长恨歌》在艺术上以什么感染和诱惑着读者呢？宛转动人，缠绵悱恻，恐怕是它最大的艺术个性，也是它能吸住千百年来的读者，使他们受感染、被诱惑的力量。歌的特点是不讲究格律，任由诗人创作兴致所至。抒发感情，句数多少不限，可以说是句式整齐的“自由体”诗。

　　03.《沁园春·雪》·毛泽东

　　北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。

　　望长城内外，惟余莽莽；

　　大河上下，顿失滔滔。

　　山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。　　

　　须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。

　　江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。

　　惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；

　　唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。

　　一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。

　　俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。

　　毛主席诗词是中国革命的史诗，是中华诗词海洋中的一朵奇葩。《沁园春·雪》更被南社盟主柳亚子盛赞为千古绝唱。这首词一直是我的最爱，毛泽东具有很高的中国古典文学修养，长于推陈出新，古为今用。他能根据作品的内容选择最恰当的诗体词调，对诗词格律运用自如；有时严格按古代韵书规定押韵，有时为更好地表现内容，并不拘泥。毛泽东诗词以对传统诗词形式的巧妙继承和革新，颇为完美地表现了丰富而又崭新的内容。上阕以排山倒海的气势，描绘了一幅辽阔的北国雪景图，更隐喻了波澜壮阔的革命全景。下阕以改天换地的豪情，展开了一幅壮丽的中华历史长卷，更暗含了建设国家的全盘大计。纵横几万里，上下数千年，时空交织而又浑然一体。艺术上足以令人神醉，情感上抒发拳拳至爱，军事上吹响胜利号角，政治上评说文武之道。

　　然而，从发表之日起，这首词就遭到了诸多恶意的攻击，引发了旷日持久的争论。有人说它有帝王思想、君主气象；有人说它夸大自吹、离题万里；有人说它比喻不当、缺乏转折；有人说它词意稀疏、平淡无奇；甚至有人说它是模仿之作、旁人代笔……断章取义且流于表面，竟视金玉如砖石。《沁园春·雪》让我们领略了一种绝美,这是真正的指点江山，这是真正的激扬文字，这是真正的神来之笔。这是诗中极品，只能梦寻偶得，绝非刻意雕琢；这是千古绝唱，源于灵感喷发，可遇而不可求。试问中华诗词的巅峰在哪里？李白的《将进酒》可比作昆仑，苏轼的《水调歌头》可喻为太行，而《沁园春·雪》就是当之无愧的珠穆朗玛！

　　02.《水调歌头》·苏轼

　　丙辰中秋，欢饮达旦，大醉，作此篇，兼怀子由。

　　明月几时有，把酒问青天。

　　　　不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？

　　　　我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，

　　　　高处不胜寒。

　　　　起舞弄清影，何似在人间！

　　　　转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。

　　　　不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？

　　　　人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，

　　　　此事古难全。

　　　　但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

　　苏轼（1037～1101），字子瞻，号东坡居士，北宋眉山人。是著名的北宋文学家，唐宋散文八大家之一。他学识渊博，多才多艺，在书法、绘画、诗词、散文各方面都有很高造诣。《水调歌头·明月几时有》是苏轼的代表作之一，倍受后人的赞誉和喜欢。是独具特色，脍炙人口的传世词篇。全词设景清丽雄阔，如月光下广袤的清寒世界，天上、人间来回驰骋的开阔空间。将此背景与词人超越一己之喜乐哀愁的豁达胸襟、乐观情调相结合，便典型地体现出苏词清雄旷达的风格。这首《水调歌头》历来都受到人们的推崇。胡仔在《苕溪渔隐丛话》说：“中秋词，自东坡《水调歌头》一出，余词尽废。”认为这是写得最好的一首词，此说也是一点都不过分的。

　　01.《将进酒》·李白

　　　　{乐府诗集}

　　　　君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。

　　　　君不见高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。

　　　　人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。

　　　　天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。

　　　　烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。

　　　　岑夫子，丹丘生，将进酒，君莫停。

　　　　与君歌一曲，请君为我侧耳听：

　　　　钟鼓馔玉何足贵，但愿长醉不复醒。

　　　　古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。

　　　　陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。

　　　　主人何为言少钱，径须沽取对君酌。

　　　　五花马，千金裘，呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同销万古愁。

　　唐代李白沿用乐府古体写的《将进酒》，影响极大。虽然在思想内容上得不到历代主流意识的推荐,但从艺术和诗的角度看,仍然是一首十分完美的诗。此诗在喜欢喝酒的广大群众中影响是不同凡响的。

　　《将进酒》篇幅不算长，却五音繁会，气象不凡。它笔酣墨饱，情极悲愤而作狂放，语极豪纵而又沉着。诗篇具有震动古今的气势与力量，这诚然与夸张手法不无关系，比如诗中屡用巨额数目字（“千金”、“三百杯”、“斗酒十千”、“千金裘”、“万古愁”等等）表现豪迈诗情，同时，又不给人空洞浮夸感，其根源就在于它那充实深厚的内在感情，那潜在酒话底下如波涛汹涌的郁怒情绪。此外，全篇大起大落，诗情忽翕忽张，由悲转乐、转狂放、转愤激、再转狂放、最后结穴于“万古愁”，回应篇首，如大河奔流，有气势，亦有曲折，纵横捭阖，力能扛鼎。其歌中有歌的包孕写法，又有鬼斧神工、“绝去笔墨畦径”之妙。《唐诗别裁》谓“读李诗者于雄快之中，得其深远宕逸之神，才是谪仙人面目”，此篇足以当之。

2011-03-31T13:06:00.000-07:00

"When you go to war as a boy you have a great illusion of immortality. Other people get killed; not you ... Then when you are badly wounded the first time you lose that illusion and you know it can happen to you." -- Ernest Hemingway

Does Hemingway's words remind you of anything?

Have you ever thought that you are somewhat, DIFFERENT?

Did you feel that you are the ONE chosen to accomplish a special assignment?

Have you ever DESPISE others on their timidness, directionlessness and realism?

Did you feel that all your CLOSET friends live in books but dead hundreds of years ago?

Until one day, you are severely WOUNDED.

Your body is trembling.

Your spirit is wavering.

You feel so, LOST.

You realized that you are not really that, SPECIAL.

You began to wonder, WHO else, went through the same.

You suddenly discovered that you can feel SYMPATHY now for the ones you used to despise.

You started to greatly APPRECIATE the ones who went through failures and failures and still keep smiling towards life.

You sort of HEALED, although you still lick your wounds sometime.

And life goes on.

"All you need is ignorance and confidence and the success is sure." -- Mark Twain.

You lost your ignorance, do you still have your confidence?

"I am an optimist. It does not seem too much use being anything else." -- Winston Churchill.

Confidence is a choice, to help you do things. You have it the moment you decide to.

"Nearly everything you do is of no importance, but it is important you do it." -- Mohandas Gandhi

But why do those things? You tell me.

More More Quotations

2011-03-29T16:21:00.000-07:00

Aristotle (Greek, 384BC-322BC)

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A true friend is one soul in two bodies.

Homer has taught all other poets the art of telling lies skillfully.

I have gained this from philosophy: that I do without being commanded what others do only from fear of the law.

In a democracy the poor will have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme.

Inferiors revolt in order that they may be equal, and equals that they may be superior. Such is the state of mind which creates revolutions.

Mothers are fonder than fathers of their children because they are more certain they are their own.

No excellent soul is exempt from a mixture of madness.

Republics decline into democracies and democracies degenerate into despotisms.

The most perfect political community is one in which the middle class is in control, and outnumbers both of the other classes.

The secret to humor is surprise.

The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.

Those who educate children well are more to be honored than they who produce them; for these only gave them life, those the art of living well.

Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening fruit.

Youth is easily deceived because it is quick to hope.

Niccolo Machiavelli (Italian, 1469-1527)

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A return to first principles in a republic is sometimes caused by the simple virtues of one man. His good example has such an influence that the good men strive to imitate him, and the wicked are ashamed to lead a life so contrary to his example.

A son can bear with equanimity the loss of his father, but the loss of his inheritance may drive him to despair.

Before all else, be armed.

Benefits should be conferred gradually; and in that way they will taste better.

For among other evils caused by being disarmed, it renders you contemptible; which is one of those disgraceful things which a prince must guard against.

If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared.

Severities should be dealt out all at once, so that their suddenness may give less offense; benefits ought to be handed ought drop by drop, so that they may be relished the more.

The main foundations of every state, new states as well as ancient or composite ones, are good laws and good arms you cannot have good laws without good arms, and where there are good arms, good laws inevitably follow.

When you disarm the people, you commence to offend them and show that you distrust them either through cowardice or lack of confidence, and both of these opinions generate hatred.

Whoever conquers a free town and does not demolish it commits a great error and may expect to be ruined himself.

Voltaire (French, 1694-1778)

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Appreciation is a wonderful thing: It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well.

Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd.

He must be very ignorant for he answers every question he is asked.

If there were no God, it would be necessary to invent him.

It is not enough to conquer; one must learn to seduce.

It is said that the present is pregnant with the future.

Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.

No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking.

The Holy Roman Empire is neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire.

Think for yourselves and let others enjoy the privilege to do so, too.

This self-love is the instrument of our preservation; it resembles the provision for the perpetuity of mankind: it is necessary, it is dear to us, it gives us pleasure, and we must conceal it.

Use, do not abuse; neither abstinence nor excess ever renders man happy.

Friedrich Nietzsche (German, 1844-1900)

---------------------------------------------

Arrogance on the part of the meritorious is even more offensive to us than the arrogance of those without merit: for merit itself is offensive.

A woman may very well form a friendship with a man, but for this to endure, it must be assisted by a little physical antipathy.

Character is determined more by the lack of certain experiences than by those one has had.

Do whatever you will, but first be such as are able to will.

Egoism is the very essence of a noble soul.

Every church is a stone on the grave of a god-man: it does not want him to rise up again under any circumstances.

Fear is the mother of morality.

He who has a why to live can bear almost any how.

In heaven, all the interesting people are missing.

It is good to express a thing twice right at the outset and so to give it a right foot and also a left one. Truth can surely stand on one leg, but with two it will be able to walk and get around.

Regarding life, the wisest men of all ages have judged alike: it is worthless.

That which does not kill us makes us stronger.

The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently.

There are various eyes. Even the Sphinx has eyes: and as a result there are various truths, and as a result there is no truth.

There is in general good reason to suppose that in several respects the gods could all benefit from instruction by us human beings. We humans are - more humane.

Those who cannot understand how to put their thoughts on ice should not enter into the heat of debate.

Ernest Hemingway (American, 1899-1961)

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All things truly wicked start from innocence.

Always do sober what you said you'd do drunk. That will teach you to keep your mouth shut.

Cowardice... is almost always simply a lack of ability to suspend functioning of the imagination.

Forget your personal tragedy. We are all bitched from the start and you especially have to be hurt like hell before you can write seriously. But when you get the damned hurt, use it-don't cheat with it.

More Quotations

2011-03-28T11:18:00.001-07:00

What we wish, we readily believe, and what we ourselves think, we imagine others think also.

Julius Caesar (Roman, 100BC-44BC)

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Advertisements contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper.

Thomas Jefferson (American, 1743-1826)

Don't talk about what you have done or what you are going to do.

Thomas Jefferson

Every citizen should be a soldier. This was the case with the Greeks and Romans, and must be that of every free state.

Thomas Jefferson

Fix reason firmly in her seat, and call to her tribunal every fact, every opinion. Question with boldness even the existence of a God; because, if there be one, he must more approve of the homage of reason, than that of blindfolded fear.

Thomas Jefferson

For a people who are free, and who mean to remain so, a well-organized and armed militia is their best security.

Thomas Jefferson

I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies.

Thomas Jefferson

I find that he is happiest of whom the world says least, good or bad.

Thomas Jefferson

In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock.

Thomas Jefferson

Mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

Thomas Jefferson

Money, not morality, is the principle commerce of civilized nations.

Thomas Jefferson

Never spend your money before you have earned it.

Thomas Jefferson

No man will ever carry out of the Presidency the reputation which carried him into it.

Thomas Jefferson

Our country is now taking so steady a course as to show by what road it will pass to destruction, to wit: by consolidation of power first, and then corruption, its necessary consequence.

Thomas Jefferson

Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations; entangling alliances with none.

Thomas Jefferson

That government is the strongest of which every man feels himself a part.

Thomas Jefferson

The moment a person forms a theory, his imagination sees in every object only the traits which favor that theory.

Thomas Jefferson

The natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to gain ground.

Thomas Jefferson

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.

Thomas Jefferson

There is not a sprig of grass that shoots uninteresting to me.

Thomas Jefferson

When you reach the end of your rope, tie a knot in it and hang on.

Thomas Jefferson

----------------

Among those who dislike oppression are many who like to oppress.

Napoleon Bonaparte (French, 1769-1821)

He who knows how to flatter also knows how to slander.

Napoleon Bonaparte

History is a set of lies agreed upon.

Napoleon Bonaparte

I love power. But it is as an artist that I love it. I love it as a musician loves his violin, to draw out its sounds and chords and harmonies.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The act of policing is, in order to punish less often, to punish more severely.

Napoleon Bonaparte

There are only two forces that unite men - fear and interest.

Napoleon Bonaparte

----------------

Action expresses priorities.

Mohandas Gandhi (Indian, 1869-1948)

Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.

Mohandas Gandhi

I look only to the good qualities of men. Not being faultless myself, I won't presume to probe into the faults of others.

Mohandas Gandhi

Imitation is the sincerest flattery.

Mohandas Gandhi

Morality is contraband in war.

Mohandas Gandhi

My religion is based on truth and non-violence. Truth is my God. Non-violence is the means of realising Him.

Mohandas Gandhi

Nearly everything you do is of no importance, but it is important that you do it.

Mohandas Gandhi

The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated.

Mohandas Gandhi

The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.

Mohandas Gandhi

Those who say religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion is.

Mohandas Gandhi

We do not need to proselytise either by our speech or by our writing. We can only do so really with our lives. Let our lives be open books for all to study.

Mohandas Gandhi

We win justice quickest by rendering justice to the other party.

Mohandas Gandhi

----------------

A joke is a very serious thing.

Winston Churchill (English, 1874-1965)

A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.

Winston Churchill

A prisoner of war is a man who tries to kill you and fails, and then asks you not to kill him.

Winston Churchill

An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.

Winston Churchill

Eating words has never given me indigestion.

Winston Churchill

Great and good are seldom the same man.

Winston Churchill

He has all of the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire.

Winston Churchill

History will be kind to me for I intend to write it.

Winston Churchill

I am always ready to learn although I do not always like being taught.

Winston Churchill

I am an optimist. It does not seem too much use being anything else.

Winston Churchill

I am fond of pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.

Winston Churchill

In wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.

Winston Churchill

"No comment" is a splendid expression. I am using it again and again.

Winston Churchill

Play the game for more than you can afford to lose... only then will you learn the game.

Winston Churchill

The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of blessings; the inherent virtue of socialism is the equal sharing of miseries.

Winston Churchill

There is no such thing as public opinion. There is only published opinion.

Winston Churchill

Those who can win a war well can rarely make a good peace and those who could make a good peace would never have won the war.

Winston Churchill

To improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often.

Winston Churchill

True genius resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information.

Winston Churchill

We are all worms. But I believe that I am a glow-worm.

Winston Churchill

----------------

Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas.

Joseph Stalin (Russian, 1879-1953)

Mark Twain Quotations

2011-03-27T09:56:00.000-07:00

A man's character may be learned from the adjectives which he habitually uses in conversation.

All generalizations are false, including this one.

All you need is ignorance and confidence and the success is sure.

Anger is an acid that can do more harm to the vessel in which it is stored than to anything on which it is poured.

Civilization is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities.

'Classic.' A book which people praise and don't read.

Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.

Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear.

Familiarity breeds contempt - and children.

I don't like to commit myself about heaven and hell - you see, I have friends in both places.

If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything.

It is easier to stay out than get out.

It is just like man's vanity and impertinence to call an animal dumb because it is dumb to his dull perceptions.

It's no wonder that truth is stranger than fiction. Fiction has to make sense.

Let us make a special effort to stop communicating with each other, so we can have some conversation.

Man will do many things to get himself loved, he will do all things to get himself envied.

My books are like water; those of the great geniuses are wine. (Fortunately) everybody drinks water.

Patriot: the person who can holler the loudest without knowing what he is hollering about.

Substitute "damn" every time you're inclined to write "very"; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be.

The lack of money is the root of all evil.

The man who is a pessimist before 48 knows too much; if he is an optimist after it, he knows too little.

There are several good protections against temptation, but the surest is cowardice.

Africa Wikipedia Notes

2011-03-23T12:57:00.000-07:00

I love maps.

Regions

Nations

Geography

Empires before Colonization

Scramble for Africa (1881- WWI 1914)

GDP per capita (2002, $)

Language

Religion

Interesting charts by The Economist

2011-02-22T21:03:00.000-08:00

world GDP since Jesus

http://www.economist.com/node/16834943

The ratio of youth to adult unemployment worsens

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2010/12/youth_unemployment

Which countries match the GDP and population of America's states?

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/01/comparing_us_states_countries

What is behind rising inflation?

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/01/daily_chart_inflation

A map of world alcohol consumption

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/daily_chart_global_alcohol_consumption

How mens' waistlines have grown since 1980

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/daily_chart_global_obesity

Which countries match the GDP, population and exports of Chinese provinces?

http://www.economist.com/content/chinese_equivalents

Mapping the Arab world -- The Economist

2011-02-22T19:49:00.000-08:00

http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/arab_league_map

Libya has such high PPP, 3 times that of Egypt. But it is said this is caused by abundant oil resource and low population, and most wealth is concentrated in few.

Most countries have close or over 50% of population under age 25. Also see this Global Median Age by Country from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid#Youth_bulge

2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) by country

2011-01-13T22:33:00.000-08:00

http://media.transparency.org/imaps/cpi2009/

And its methodology.

Mapping America: Every City, Every Block

2011-01-11T18:54:00.000-08:00

http://projects.nytimes.com/census/2010/explorer

have fun~

Most Influential List

2010-12-28T14:08:00.000-08:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100_Most_Influential_Books_Ever_Written_(book)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100

Chanakya -- The Indian Machiavelli

2010-12-20T21:23:00.000-08:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya

Chānakya (Sanskrit: चाणक्य Cāṇakya Tamil: சாணக்கியன் Cāṇakiyan ) (c. 350–283 BCE) was an adviser to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupt (c. 340–293 BCE), and was the chief architect of his rise to power.

Chanakya has been considered as the pioneer of the field of economics and political science.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] In the Western world, he has been referred to as The Indian Machiavelli, although Chanakya's works predate Machiavelli's by about 1,800 years.

His works were lost near the end of the Gupta dynasty and not rediscovered until 1915.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthashastra

The Arthashastra (IAST: Arthaśāstra) is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategywhich identifies its author by the names Kautilya^[1] and Viṣhṇugupta,^[2] who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya

Does history repeat itself?

2010-12-17T12:21:00.000-08:00

All have the same question =)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_recurrence

+ Mark Twain
- "History does not repeat itself, but it does rhyme."

+ Zosimus, 5th century,
- "empires fell through internal disunity"
- Greece and Macedonia. In the case of each empire, growth had resulted from consolidation against an external enemy
- Rome herself, in response to Hannibal's threat posed at Cannae, had risen to great-power status within a mere five decades. With Rome's world dominion, however, aristocracy had been supplanted by a monarchy, which in turn had tended to decay into tyranny; after Augustus Caesar, good laws had alternated with tyrannical ones. Subsequently the Roman Empire, in its western and eastern sectors, had become a contending ground between contestants for power, while outside powers acquired an advantage.

+ Niccolò Machiavelli
- "when states have arrived at their greatest perfection, they soon begin to decline. In the same manner, having been reduced by disorder and sunk to their utmost state of depression, unable to descend lower, they, of necessity, reascend, and thus from good they gradually decline to evil and from evil mount up to good."
- The circle: virtù (valor and political effectiveness) => peace => idleness (ozio), idleness disorder, and disorder rovina (ruin) => order => glory and good fortune
- human nature as remarkably stable—steady enough for the formulation of rules of political behavior

--------------------------

Potential books

- The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, G.W. Trompf

- The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, Paul Kennedy

The tidy African national boundaries

2010-12-06T23:30:00.001-08:00

I was wondering why African nations have such tidy boundaries.. where is the trace of nature?

(See the boundaries between

Italy & France, Switzerland, Austria

China & Pakistan, India, Nepal)

Then I found this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Africa#Borders

In the Scramble for Africa, national boundaries in sub-Saharan Africa were established by Europeans using latitude and longitude rather than natural borders. This separated population centres from their supplies of food and natural resources. The artificial borders of modern African states cut across cultural, tribal, linguistic and religious boundaries, creating ethnic and religious cleavages which impede national unity and induce internal violence.

Is this still sort of natural? since the tidy borders are mostly within Sahara.. -__-

The Story of Psychology notes II

2010-11-11T19:42:00.000-08:00

+Sigmund Freud, Austrian
- both extravagantly praised and savagely castigated for his theories
- outsider, an isolated Jew in anti-Semitic Vienna, the son of an impoverished itinerant Jewish trader, lifelong anxiety about money, Godless Jew,
- The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud hypothesized that dreams fulfill wishes that would otherwise wake us and that their basic purpose is to enable us to continue sleeping. Freud said that whenever he had eaten salty food he dreamed of drinking in great gulps. But wish fulfillment of many dreams is far subtler. The unconscious mind disguises disturbing elements, transforming them into relatively innocuous ones.
- The dynamic unconscious, mind has three levels of functioning: conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious. The last was the largest and most influential part; far from being a warehouse of inactive material, it was an area of highly active and powerful primitive drives and forbidden wishes that constantly generated pressure on the conscious mind, in disguised or altered form, thereby motivating and determining much of our behavior.
- The structure of the psyche: conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious is too simple. Freud later depicted instead a tripartite psyche comprising id, ego, and superego. They are names of groups of mental processes that serve different functions. In the newborn, all mental processes are id processes, unconscious and primary. There is nothing akin to logical reasoning in the id; it is a cauldron of instinctual demands for the satisfaction of primitive desires having to do with self-preservation, sexuality and aggression.The demands of the id operate in accordance with the pleasure principle. Since social life would be impossible if the id directed behavior, child is trained and educated, the conscious mind understands, reasons and functions according to secondary-process thinking; this is ego, or self. Much of the ego, however, is not conscious. Many of its processes are preconscious - not repressed but not in the spotlight of attention (when a solution pops into mind seemingly from nowhere, it is because we were working on it all along). The preconscious operates many of our well-learned skills, freeing the conscious mind to use its limited attention elsewhere (like trained musician's figures automatically strike the right notes). In contrast, the superego, which monitors and censors the ego, is unconscious and critically important. Perceived commands like "you must not" or "you should" are transformed by identification into "I must not" or "I should". This mechanism turns all sorts of moral values into internalized and self-imposed rules; collectively, they form the "ego ideal" or superego, what we usually call conscience.
- Repression is the fundamental defense against all anxiety-producing wishes, memories or feelings, and the very bedrock of the psychological structure. The psyche finds adaptive ways to handle the repressed material. It does so by means of a number of other defenses unconsciously: denial, rationalization (acts out of one motive but justifies the act in terms of another that is more acceptable), reaction formation (exaggerating and displaying for all to see a trait exatcly opposite to the repressed one), displacement (directs repressed feelings towards an acceptable substitute, new wife who looks like dead wife), intellectualization (ostensibly intellectual interest in an impermissible desire), projection (attribute one's own unacceptable impulses to the object of those impulses, people who deny racial hatred may believe that persons of the other race hate them), sublimation (writing/performing, sublimations of the impulse to exhibit oneself; surgery, a noble transformation of the urge to do harm; athletic games, sublimations of aggression).
- A number of elements in Freudian psychology have recently been validated by contemporary neuroscience, making real his 1905 fantasy that psychological phenomena would someday be explicable in physical terms. Among them for instance, the major brain structures essential for forming conscious memories are not functional during the first two years of life (Freud called infantile amnesia, it is not we forget our earlier memories, we simply cannot recall them to consciousness).

+ Alfred Binet, IQ test

+ Here come the behaviorists

+ Thorndike and Pavlov
- two different principles of behaviorism: the laws of natural learning (the chickens' associating a particular color with the reward of the sweet-tasting corn, the cat's associating a step on the treadle with escape and food), and the laws of conditioning (the dog's salivating at the sound of the metronome, a stimulus artificially linked to the salivary reflex).

+ Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1947), Massachusetts, USA
- homely, lonely and painfully shy child who found satisfaction in his studies
- others classified him as functionalist, behaviorist, but he himself as neither
- studied under William James who approved his project on animals
- the cats had not learned to escape by means of reasoning or insight; rather, by trial and error they slowly eliminated useless movements and made the connection between the appropriate action and the desired goal (which Thorndike formulated a theory of "connectionism").
- although human behavior is vastly more sophisticated than that of cats, behaviorists argued that it is explicable by the same principles; the difference, Thorndike said, is simply that "the number, delicacy and complexity of cell structures" in the human brain make for a corresponding "number, delicacy, and complexity of associations". He even held that the reason human culture develops so slowly is that it is the result of trial-and-error learning with accidental success, the same method by which animals acquire associations.

+ Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), Russian, physiologist
- born in Russian farming village, abandoned priesthood after reading Darwin's Origin of Species and Ivan Sechenov's Reflexes of the Brain
- "conditioned reflexes", dog's salivating, a psychologist would have called the conditioning process associative learning, but Pavlov explained it in physiological terms. he theorized tht an unconditioned response, such as salivating on taking food into the mouth, was a brain reflex: a direct connection existed between the sensory and motor nerves in the spine or lower brain centers. In contrast, a conditioned response, such as salivating at the sound of a bell or other formerly neutral stimulus, was the result of new reflexive pathways created by the conditioning process in the cortex of the brain.
- Timing. the sequence of the stimuli is critical. Only if the neutral stimulus precedes the unconditioned reflex.
- Extinction. Unlike the unconditioned reflex, the connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned reflex is impermanent.
- Generalization. If the conditioned stimulus is slightly different (louder voice, brighter color), it still works.
- Differentiation. differentiate the noise and ignore.
- the fundamental unit of learning in animals and human beings: nothing but "a long chain of conditioned reflexes" whose acquisition, maintenance, and extinction were governed by the laws he discovered.

+ John B. Watson, South Carolina
- son of a petty farmer of violent nature and unsavory reputation. When he was thirteen, his father abandoned the family and ran off with another woman, like his father, violent when young
- somehow developed the desire to make something of himself and had the courage to request a personal interview with the president of Furman College, particularly liked those philosophy courses which included psychological subjects.
- did excellent work at University of Chicago and at thirty was offered the chair of psychology at Johns Hopkins University
- gifted huckster, energetically and skillfully peddled himself and his ideas to his colleagues, rose swiftly to the top of his profession while launching the behaviorist movement, and later, having been expelled from academia because of a sexual scandal, had a second and financially lucrative career as psychological adviser to a major advertising firm
- self-assured, flamboyant outside, insecure, afraid of the dark, emotionally frozen inside. reject introspection and self-revelation, dealt only with external acts.
- "the behaviorist manifesto", 1) the content of psychology should be behavior, not consciousness; 2) its method should be objective rather than introspective; 3) its purpose should be "prediction and control of behavior" rather than fundamental understanding of mental events.

- infants have three innate emotional responses to certain stimuli: fear at hearing a loud sound or at suddenly being dropped; rage when its arm or head movements are forcibly restrained; and love when stroked, rocked, gently patted, and the like.
- "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors."

+ "B.F. Skinner (1904-1990), neobehaviorist, Pennsylvania
- "subjective entities" such as mind, thought, memory, and reasoning do not exist but are only "verbal constructs, grammatical traps into which the human race in the development of language has fallen"
- he considered theory of learning unnecessary, everything we do and are is determined by our history of rewards and punishments
- on his very first TV appearance he posed a dilemma originally propounded by Montaigne -- "Would you, if you had to choose, burn your children or your books?" -- and said he himself would burn his children, since his contribution to the future would be greater through his work than through his genes.
- "We do not need to try to discover what personalities, states of mind, feelings, traits of character, plans, purposes, intentions, or other perquisites of autonomous man really are in order to get on with a scientific analysis of behavior... Thinking is behaving. The mistake is in allocating the behavior to the mind."
- "We are what we are because of our history. We like to believe we can choose, we can act... [but] I don't believe a person is either free or responsible." The "autonomous" human being is an illusion the good person is one who has been conditioned to behave that way, and the good society would be one based on "behavioral engineering" -- the scientific control of behavior through methods of positive reinforcement.
- Walden Two (1948), his vision of the ideal, scientifically controlled society in the form of a Utopian. The book became a cult book with undergraduates, and has sold well over two million copies.
- "operant conditioning", in "classical conditioning" (Pavlov's), the crucial element in the behavior change is the new stimulus (dog salivating); in "instrumental conditioning" (Thorndike's), the crucial element in behavior change is the response (accidental stepping on the treadle); in "operant conditioning", by rewarding a series of little random movements, one by one, the experimenter can shape the behavior of the animal until it acts in ways that were not part of its original or natural repertoire.
- human being -- a mindless robot assembled by operant conditioning from a multitude of meaningless bits.
- instant rewarding, powerful reinforcer of behavior, used in school and mental hospital

+ Problems with Behaviorism
- The failure of universal learning: different species has its own built-in circuitry that enables it to learn some things easily and instinctively, others with difficulty, and still others not at all
- purposive thinking? at the beginning of an extinction trial an animal would respond to the stimulus with greater vigor than it had during a long series of reinforcements. (in Behaviorism, the response should fade because no stimulus)

+ Here come the Gestaltists in Germany

+ 1890, Christian von Ehrenfels, an Austrian psychologist, pointed out that when a melody is transposed, every note is changed, yet we hear the very same melody. He explained that we recognize the sameness of relations among the parts of the whole -- what he called the melody's Gestaltqualitat or "form quality," a crucial characteristic perceived by the mind, rather than the ears.

+ 1897, Ernst Mach, a physicist noted that when we see a circle at different angles, it seems circular to us even though it looks ellipsoidal to a camera. The image on the retina changes but the inner experience of seeing a table does not.

+ The three men of Gestalt: Wertheimer, the "intellectual father, thinker, and innovator," Koffka "the salesman of the group", and Kohler "the inside man, the doer". In only ten years, breached the defenses of Wundtian psychology and established the legitimacy of their new mentalism -- a psychology of the mind based on demonstrations and experimental evidence rather than on rationalist arguments and metaphysical speculations.

+ Maz Wertheimer, Prague
- On a train, Wertheimer noticed the illusion that distant telegraph poles, houses, and hilltops, though stationary, seemed to be speeding along with train. Why?
- the illusion of motion takes place not at the level of sensation, in the retina, but of perception, in the mind, where incoming discrete sensations are seen as an organized unity with a meaning of its own. Wertheimer called such an overall perception a Gestalt, a German word that means form, shape, or configuration but that he used to mean a set of sensations perceived as a meaningful whole.
- our mental operations consist chiefly of Gestalten rather than strings of associated sensations and impressions, as followers of Wundt and associationists believed. A Gestalt, he said, was not a mere accumulation of associated bits but a structure with an identity; it was different from and more than the sum of its parts. The acquisition of knowledge often took place through a process of "centering" or structuring and thereby seeing things as an orderly whole.
- laws of Gestalten. Proximity: when we see a number of similar objects, we tend to perceive them as groups (e.g., 323-845-7451); Similarity: when similar and dissimilar objects are mingled, we see the similar ones as groups (e.g., 11 00 1111 0000 11); Continuation of direction: in many patterns, we tend to see lines that have a coherent continuation or direction (e.g., "hidden figure" puzzles); Pragnaz: we tend to see the simplest shape; Closure: special case of laws of Pragnaz, when we see a familiar or coherent pattern with some missing parts, we fill them in and perceive the simplest and best Gestalt; Figure-ground perception: when we pay attention to an object, we see little or nothing of the background; Size constancy: an object of known size, when far off, projects a tiny image on the retina, yet we sense its real size.

+ Kohler
- famous chimpanzee studies, Kohler created a number of different problems for his apes to solve. The simplest were detour problems (no trouble for apes). More complicated were tool problems. Some chimpanzees took a long time to see that boxes could be used to reach the bananas, and they never did use them well. Others, clearly smarter, learned to stack boxes even when it took more than two boxes. The ape would seem to suddenly see a solution at some juncture and Kohler called the sudden discovery"insight" (like Gauss's insight on 1+2+...+100), and defined it as "the appearance of a complete solution with reference to the whole layout of the problem", obviously quite a different process from the trial-and-error learning of Thorndike's cats.

- insight thinking does not take place in simpler animals. girl>dog>chicken

- insight learning does not depend on rewards, as did the stimulus-response learning of Thorndike's cats. The chimpanzees were, of course, seeking a reward, but their learning was not brought about by the reward; they solved the problem before eating the fruit.

- another finding is that when animals achieved an insight, they learned more than the solution to that particular problem; they were able to generalize and apply the solution in modified form to different problems (deductive reasoning?).

- chicken experiment: the chickens had learned to associate food not with a specific color but with a relationship of two backgrounds. The animals and humans perceive and learn nearly everything in terms of relationships. This object stands on top of that one, is between two others, is bigger than, smaller than, earlier or later than another, and so on.

+ Karl Duncker,

- studied with borh Wertheimer and Kohler at Berlin

- deeply depressed by the outbreak of war, committed suicide in 1940

- Education creates expertise but also functional fixedness (similar to Freud's preconscious?). An expert sees the tools he has at hand in terms of the functions he knows they serve a neophyte may, while coming up with uninformed and even absurd suggestions, see them more creatively.

+ Koffka

- instinctive behavior is not a chain of reflexive responses mechanically triggered by a stimulus; rather, it is a group or pattern of reflexes -- A Gestalt imposed by the creature on its own actions -- aimed at achieving a particular goal.

- against the behaviorist doctrine that all learning consists of chains of associations created by rewards, Koffka argued the much learning takes place through the processes of organization and reorganization in the mind in advance of reward. But the exact cause of those organizing processes, he admitted, was not yet known.

- The theory of organization: "psychophysical" forces inherent in the brain -- neuronal energy fields -- act like the force fields else where in nature that always seek the simplest or best-fitting configuration. Hence the mind's tendency to construct and reconstruct information in the form of "good Gestalten".

- Memory hypothesis: physiological basis of memory is the formation of "traces" in the central nervous system -- permanent neutral changes induced by experience. Another keen guess, unlike associationism, which said that new experiences are merely added to old ones, Koffka said that new experiences interact with traces, and that this interaction is the cause of mental development.

To be continued from Part Three: Specialization and Synthesis..

My 1st post from the Southern Hemisphere

2010-10-30T20:51:00.000-07:00

^________________^

The Story of Psychology notes I

2010-10-19T10:43:00.000-07:00

+ 1st psychological experiment, 700BC
- Psamtik I, King of Egypt
- hypothesis: If children had no opportunity to learn a language from older people, they would spontaneously speak the primal, inborn language of humankind.
- result: success

+ ancient people believed that their thoughts, visions and dreams were messages from the gods. (e.g., Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire)

+ lawgiver Solon and philosopher Thales (two of the seven sages of Greece) proposed rational mind, saying a man's nous (soul/mind) is trained in all things at age forty.

+ Democritus

- first man guess that all matter is composed of invisible particles (atoms) of different shapes linked together in different combinations

- knowledge is from perception, perception is the interaction of atoms

+ Socrates

- teaching technique, known as dialectic, first used by Zeno, "to educate" comes from Latin meaning "to lead out"

+ Plato

- Theory of Ideas: we bring eternal ideas with us when we are born. When we see objects in material world, we remember our ideas (abstract, generalized rules)

+ Aristotle

- differ with Plato (saying soul is born with knowledge), sensation brings us perceptions of the world, memory permits us to store those perceptions, imagination enables us to re-create from memory mental images corresponding to perceptions, and from accumulated images we derive general ideas.

+ After Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), not much has been developed till 17th century.

- During this long period, St. Augustine (Plato-like) and St. Aquinas (Aristotle-like) tried to adapt old philosophy into Christianity.

- 14th century, people believed their thoughts and dreams following Christian doctrine are messages from God/Angels, while the "evil" thoughts and dreams are from the Devil. (This is what ancient people did as well)

+ Descartes, French, rationalist

- physically weak, lots of time remained in bed when young

- "I think, therefore I am" proves my existence

- ideas are from perceptions, but some of them are innate since they cannot be experienced, "perfection", "substance", "quality", "unity", "infinity". These innate ideas need to be discovered through experience, that's why we need examples to understand abstract ideas.

+ Spinoza, Dutch, rationalist

- God = universe and all the mind and matter in it

- most basic of human motives is self-preservation

+ debate between nativists (Plato-like, innate ideas) and empiricists (Aristotle-like, no innate ideas) again happened in 17th century. Most English philosophers are empiricists.

+ Hobbes, English, empiricists

- "Myself and fear were born twins"

- tall, handsome, lively, friendly, and exceptionally healthy

- all men are by nature enemy of all other men, can live in peace only through autocratic government, preferably a monarchy. Without such ruling power, life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short".

- visited Galileo, impressed by his physics. Hobbes reasoned that all mental activities must be motions of atoms in the nervous system and brain reacting to motions of atoms in the external world.

- materialist, nothing is incorporeal, complex thoughts are derived from simple thoughts, simple thoughts are from sensations

+ Locke, English, empiricists
- two sources of ideas: sensation and reflection (mind's own operations on whatever it acquired, such as comparison)

+ not much development in 18th century, either rationalist-nativists in Cartesian tradition or empiricist-associationists in Hobbist-Lockean tradition.

+ Hume, Scottish, empiricist
- main purpose writing the Treatise was to develop a moral philosophy based on the science of man, meaning psychology
- association: how to get complex/abstract ideas from simple perceptions? 3 forms: resemblance, contiguity in time and place, and cause/effect.
- assault on the concept of causality: we cannot experience causality directly and therefore cannot know what it is or even prove that it exists. We know only that certain events seem always, or almost always, to be followed by certain others, and we therefore infer that the first causes the second.

+ Empiricist-Associationists reducing the major mental processes to perception and association, was not able to explain high-level mental phenomena as consciousness, reasoning, speech, unconscious thought, problem solving and creativity, and was not able to explain abstract ideas with no perceptual basis, such as virtue, soul, non-being, possibility, necessity, or the non-dimensionality of a point in geometry.

+ Kant, German

- we make judgments about sensations by means of other innate ideas (Kant's "categories"): unity, totality, reality, cause and effect, reciprocity, existence, and necessity. Without them we have no way of making sense of the chaotic mass of our perceptions. (Noam Chomsky's theory of the innate capacity of the child's mind to comprehend the syntax of spoken language)

+ The Physicalists are the ancestors of cognitive neuroscientists, such as the Skull Reader: Gall, Specific Nerve Energy: Muller, and the ones below.

+ Weber, German

- just noticeable difference, delta(R)/R = k, vision is the most sensitive, k=1/60; pain, k=1/30; pitch perception, 1/10; smell, 1/4; taste, 1/3.

+ Helmholtz, German, 19th

- shy, serious, major interest was physics, goal was to explain perception in terms of the physics of the sense organs and nervous system, admire Newton, but unlike him, courteous, generous, remarkably normal middle-class

- "The conservation of Force"

- some time taken by responses involving cognitive activity was spent by the activity.

- human vision can detect primary colors and hypothesize that retina must have three different kinds of receptor cells

- "our ideas of things cannot be anything but symbols, natural signs for things that we learn how to use in order to regulate our movements and actions" (similar to Aristotle)

- sensation and perception: sensation (the excitation of the retina's rods by light of whatever color, and the resultant impulses of the optic nerves), perception (the meaningful interpretations the mind makes of the arriving impulses).

- Disagree with Kant that the mind innately possesses "categories", the "categories" are learnt through trial and error. We learn about space by means of unconscious inference (every parent who has watched a baby trying to grasp object knows this). Used glasses to do experiments.

- Agree with Kant we innately possess the ability to interpret cause-and-effect relationships.

- Influenced the mainstream of psychology to experimental direction.

+ William James, American

- dress in what was informal garb for a professor, friendly, charming, outgoing, so vivacious& humorous that student interrupted and asked him to be serious for a moment

- complex personality: strong yet intermittently frail, hardworking yet sociable, joyous but given to spells of melancholy, frivolous but profoundly serious, kind to students and loving to his family but easily bored and exasperated.

- born in NYC in 1842, child of privilege and by all odds should have become a playboy. But his father, Henry James, broadened William's education and experience.

- at age 28, he had an emotional crisis, a horrible fear of my own existence. He was particularly troubled by the German physiologists' mechanistic vision of the world, the scientific equivalent of the Calvinistic determinism him own father had rebelled against. If mechanism gave a true picture of the mind, then all his thoughts, desires, and volitions were no more than the predetermined interactions of physical particles. Finally, he was freed from his depression by reading an essay on free will by Charles Renouvier. "My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will. I will go a step further with my will, not only act with it, but believe as well; believe in my individual reality and creative power". (when you are in doubt of something and you cannot find an answer, you have to choose to believe to live on)
- Effort of attention is thus the essential phenomenon of will
- the mind is a cause of behaviour, not an automaton responding passively to outside influences. Voluntary action implies freedom of the will.
- To believe in total determinism would make us passive and impotent; to believe in free will allows us to consider alternatives, to plan and to act on our plans. It is thus practical and realistic.
- Emotion: the emotion we feel is not the cause of bodily symptoms as a racing heart or sweaty palms; rather, the nervous system, reacting to an external stimulus, produces those physical symptoms, and our perception of them is what we call an emotion. (later showed to be faulty though, but it has practical applications, we exercising to get rid of depression, count 1-10 to control rage)

To be continued from Sigmund Freud.. -_-||

The fearless kind

2010-10-14T10:54:00.000-07:00

What makes people fearless?

Is the one who wants nothing fearless? like the ascetic monks who deliberately extinguish their natural fire.

Is the one who wants something but believe his wants will never be lost fearless? like the martyrs who believe their faith party will never betray them.

Is the one who is so innocent that he believes the world turns around him fearless? like the 3 year old boy whose goal is to conquer the whole world.

Is the one who is so optimistic (or perhaps dumb) that he believes nothing he cannot acquire fearless? like the hardworking guy who tried again and again and again.

Berkeley Book List - Psychology and Cognitive Science

2010-10-13T11:08:00.000-07:00

http://books.berkeley.edu/2003/psychology.shtml

John F. Kihlstrom, professor, Psychology

The Story of Psychology, Morton Hunt, Doubleday, 1993

The Mind's New Science, A History of the Cognitive Revolution, H. Gardner, Basic Books, 1985

The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language,Steven Pinker, Morrow, 1994

The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, Judith Rich Harris, Touchstone, 1999

House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth, Robyn M. Dawes, Free Press, 1994

The Oxford Companion to the Mind, ed. by Richard J. Gregory, Oxford University Press, 1987

Advertising ME

2010-06-12T07:35:00.000-07:00

See the sponsored links on the right. ^______^

5.20

2010-05-20T09:59:00.000-07:00

今天是一个特殊的日子。
或者说天朝的昨天是一个特殊的日子。=)

人生像一出戏

2010-05-04T12:06:00.000-07:00

有时候会怀疑自己生活在梦中。

I feel lucky

2010-04-29T17:24:00.000-07:00

for meeting so many great people,
especially the ones I spent lots of time with. =)

Thanks to the ones being patient&understanding to me.
You give me confidence and strength to marching ahead.

Thanks to the ones being non-patient&direct to me.
You alert me, treat me as an independent person, and push me forward.

This is smart~

2010-04-19T20:26:00.000-07:00

Guessing Game: Edible Flags
http://flavorwire.com/83573/guessing-game-edible-flags

Cows, Vegetarian, Protein

2010-04-14T12:46:00.001-07:00

I eat much less meat than before. So I begin to worry, would I lack enough protein? This worry drove me go online and search "How do vegetarians get protein?" The fancy web gave me answers including "dairy products, eggs, beans, and nuts".

Fine, I'll eat those stuff. But wait a minute, how do cows get protein?

Isn't it that they just eat grass?? Oh, no, I remembered a lot of corn produced in US are fed to cattle as well. Okay, let me find out what else they eat.

After checking out Wikipedia, yes, cows do eat corn (or silage), and even beans (or more appropriate, legumes)! hmm.. interesting.. however..

"For pasture-fed animals, grass is the forage that composes all or at least the great majority of their diet."

Eh.. doesn't this mean that there still exist certain cows only eating grass? And it turns out people even have debated over what should be fed to cattle. It seems that the more grass the cow eat, the more organic it is.

Okay, now we do have cows only eating grass, and the question became "How do the grassarian cows get protein?"

I went online and search for the answers again. Yahoo answer gave me this page, and Baidu zhidao gave me this page. Basically they are saying that our stomach is not as good as the cows', and cows can even convert certain things in grass to protein.

Now I found the scientific answer, but I also want to mention the funniest answer which is:
"你真傻，牛B嘛"

青春是拿来奋斗的

2010-04-09T19:57:00.001-07:00

哈哈，有感。

A Theory of Human Motivation

2010-04-05T17:08:00.000-07:00

http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm?guid=on

Homeostasis refers to the body's automatic efforts to maintain a constant, normal state of the blood stream. Cannon (2) has described this process for (1) the water content of the blood, (2) salt content, (3) sugar content, (4) protein content, (5) fat content, (6) calcium content, (7) oxygen content, (8) constant hydrogen-ion level (acid-base balance) and (9) constant temperature of the blood. Obviously this list can be extended to include other minerals, the hormones, vitamins, etc.

Young in a recent article (21) has summarized the work on appetite in its relation to body needs. If the body lacks some chemical, the individual will tend to develop a specific appetite or partial hunger for that food element.

Undoubtedly these physiological needs are the most pre-potent of all needs.

The physiological needs, along with their partial goals, when chronically gratified cease to exist as active determinants or organizers of behavior. They now exist only in a potential fashion in the sense that they may emerge again to dominate the organism if they are thwarted. But a want that is satisfied is no longer a want. The organism is dominated and its behavior organized only by unsatisfied needs. If hunger is satisfied, it becomes unimportant in the current dynamics of the individual.

Another indication of the child's need for safety is his preference for some kind of undisrupted routine or rhythm. He seems to want a predictable, orderly world. For instance, injustice, unfairness, or inconsistency in the parents seems to make a child feel anxious and unsafe. This attitude may be not so much because of the injustice per se or any particular pains involved, but rather because this treatment threatens to make the world look unreliable, or unsafe, or unpredictable.

There are certain conditions which are immediate prerequisites for the basic need satisfactions. Danger to these is reacted to almost as if it were a direct danger to the basic needs themselves. Such conditions as freedom to speak, freedom to do what one wishes so long as no harm is done to others, freedom to express one's self, freedom to investigate and seek for information, freedom to defend one's self, justice, fairness, honesty, orderliness in the group are examples of such preconditions for basic need satisfactions. Thwarting in these freedoms will be reacted to with a threat or emergency response.

If we remember that the cognitive capacities (perceptual, intellectual, learning) are a set of adjustive tools, which have, among other functions, that of satisfaction of our basic needs, then it is clear that any danger to them, any deprivation or blocking of their free use, must also be indirectly threatening to the basic needs themselves. Such a statement is a partial solution of the general problems of curiosity, the search for knowledge, truth and wisdom, and the ever-persistent urge to solve the cosmic mysteries.

We must therefore introduce another hypothesis and speak of degrees of closeness to the basic needs, for we have already pointed out that any conscious desires (partial goals) are more or less important as they are more or less close to the basic needs.

There are some people in whom, for instance, self-esteem seems to be more important than love. This most common reversal in the hierarchy is usually due to the development of the notion that the person who is most likely to be loved is a strong or powerful person, one who inspires respect or fear, and who is self confident or aggressive.

Another cause of reversal of the hierarchy is that when a need has been satisfied for a long time, this need may be underevaluated. People who have never experienced chronic hunger are apt to underestimate its effects and to look upon food as a rather unimportant thing.

Perhaps more important than all these exceptions are the ones that involve ideals, high social standards, high values and the like. With such values people become martyrs; they give up everything for the sake of a particular ideal, or value. These people may be understood, at least in part, by reference to one basic concept (or hypothesis) which may be called 'increased frustration-tolerance through early gratification'. People who have been satisfied in their basic needs throughout their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs simply because they have strong,[p. 388] healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction. They are the 'strong' people who can easily weather disagreement or opposition, who can swim against the stream of public opinion and who can stand up for the truth at great personal cost. It is just the ones who have loved and been well loved, and who have had many deep friendships who can hold out against hatred, rejection or persecution.

AT&T History

2010-03-21T12:43:00.000-07:00

The pic is originally from here.

杯具

2010-03-16T12:59:00.000-07:00

百度百科一看，原来有这么多版本，人民的智慧与幽默真是无穷的～

1.0版：人生是杯具。
　　2.0版：我的人生就像茶几，上面摆满了杯具。
　　3.0版：人生像茶几，上面摆满了杯具；人生又像茶杯，本身就是个杯具；人生更像茶叶，终究要被浸泡在杯具之中。
　　4.0版：人生就像牙缸，你可以把它看成杯具，也可以看成洗具。
　　5.0版：人生就像茶几，上面摆满了杯具。当你努力跳出一个杯具时，却发现自己跳进了一个餐具（惨剧）。
　　6.0版：人生就像是一个茶几，上面摆满了杯具。当我们认为自己跳出一个杯具时，却已经掉进了另外一个杯具。而若你发现你没有跳进另一个杯具，那恭喜你，你掉下茶几了。
　　7.0版：人生就像一个透明的杯具，我们自知身在其中，偶尔和另一个杯具一见

“杯具”大全

钟情，却出不去。
　　8.0版：我跟上帝说我渴了，于是上帝给了我一大堆杯具。
　　9.0版：女人是水做的，为了迎合她们，男人注定成为一个个杯具。
　　10.0版：人生要泡在杯具里才能入味。
　　11.0版：人参就是要泡在杯具里才能有滋有味。
　　12.0版：君子此言差杯具。
　　13.0版：既然这样，那就杯具吧。
　　14.0版：生之若案，其覆器皿焉，君子不器。（又名“子曰版”，此乃高仿《论语·为政》：“子曰：君子不器”一语）
　　15.0版：杯具基本上是瓷器造的
　　终极版：人生是一只茶几，上面放满了杯具。而本身就是杯具的我们还非加上茶叶自以为与别人没有茶具（差距），结果人人都说咱现在要用就用餐具（惨剧）。我们在沉默中灭亡，成了文具；在沉默中爆发，成了火炬。我们想明哲保身，都成了面具。我们想一鸣惊人，都成了京剧。不能再次相聚，执手相看泪眼，成了哑剧。生活是自己的杯具，别人眼里的洗具（喜剧）。 ^[1]
　　2010版本全新出炉：人生是一个茶几，摆满了春碗，夹一块光糕，拿出杯具，向钱锅倒满灌盅！

Sichuan Travel Plan

2010-03-08T10:48:00.000-08:00

These are what I found out on the web.

九寨沟黄龙双飞峨眉山乐山汽车五日游
http://www.43xing.com/lines.aspx?id=485
九寨沟九寨天堂自由行(九寨沟＋黄龙)
http://www.43xing.com/lines.aspx?id=475
九寨沟黄龙双飞三日旅游线路（常规团）
http://www.43xing.com/lines.aspx?id=465
峨眉山乐山大佛全景二日游线路
http://www.43xing.com/lines.aspx?id=460
都江堰青城山一日游
http://www.43xing.com/lines.aspx?id=813

Does anyone have any suggestions? either travel agent, or anything else.
Btw, there are so many "青年旅行社"..

So..

2010-02-24T14:27:00.000-08:00

I decide to learn Japanese with the spirit for GRE four years ago.
learning partners, advises, recommendations, all welcome!

PS. any good textbooks or way of learning suggestions?

Some resource:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese
http://thejapanesepage.com/w/index.php
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar
http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1C
http://www.grandgent.com/tom/j/

The Periodic Table of the Elements

2010-02-19T10:03:00.000-08:00

This is nice~
http://elements.wlonk.com/

Tail of Ox

2010-02-12T09:30:00.000-08:00

It's the last day, and it comes every 12 years, so I'd better leave something labelled with today's date.

But I dunno what to write.

What I used to do is summarizing what happened, what have been done this year, and what to expect, what I'm gonna do next year.

Just like a end-of-year work report.

Usually I will be moderately satisfied with this year. Although much time should be used to do this but I did that, generally I can still persuade myself I'm in good control of my ever-shrinking time pool. I might got a A for my planned work&study, but I might also fail the unexpected lessons jumped into my life. Life has a rough track, but with random vibration along together. Sometimes these vibration can deviate you from the original track. Good? Bad? it much depends on how you view it.

Usually I will have a lot of hopes for the coming year, both for the growth along the original track and the exciting unexpected vibrations. I guess my last year's wish did come true. Thank you. =)

All right, what's gonna happen next?
Life, please surprise me. XD

Wikipedia Notes -- Ming Dynasty

2010-02-03T11:03:00.000-08:00

http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D#.E6.9C.80.E5.90.8E.E7.9A.84.E6.8A.B5.E6.8A.97

明朝（1368年 1月23日－1644年 4月25日）
明朝是中国继周朝、汉朝和唐朝之后的盛世(黄金时代)，史称“治隆唐宋”、“远迈汉唐”。

然而元末时蒙古贵族有靡烂之象，亟需财帛，除了加重赋税以外还发行新钞“至正宝钞”并大量印制，导致金融紊乱，并饱受严重的通货膨胀，民不聊生。
hyperinflation in 14th century..

朱元璋
朱元璋采纳了谋士朱升“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的建议，经过几年努力，朱元璋军事和经济实力迅速壮大。
朱元璋借此两兴大狱，即“胡蓝党狱”，几乎将功臣全部诛杀。开国功臣除了汤和外几乎全部被杀。朱元璋通过打击功臣、特务监视等一系列方式加强皇权。
汤和: 洪武十八年（1389年）告老还乡，赐第凤阳。(1388天下初定)

朱棣
建文帝立刻与亲信大臣齐泰、黄子澄等密谋削藩。周王、代王、齐王、湘王等先后或被废为庶人，或被杀。结果燕王朱棣在姚广孝的建议下以“清君侧”的名义起兵南下，占领京师，是为靖难之役，燕王即皇帝位，改年号永乐。建文帝(惠帝)在宫城大火中下落不明。
在内政上，朱棣下令修大型类书永乐大典。在三年时间内即告完成。永乐大典有22877卷，又凡例、目录60卷，全书分装为11095册，引书达七八千种，字数约有三亿七千多万，且未有任何删节，这是之后的四库全书无法相提并论的。
Nice wikipedia at that time~
从永乐三年开始，朱棣派宦官郑和下西洋，前后七次，规模空前，扩大了明朝的影响力。
但是永乐帝同样对异议者大肆杀戮.

由于朱元璋猜忌好杀，洪武十三年，以宰相胡惟庸谋反伏诛，于是废去宰相一职，子孙不得复立。
相权与君权合而为一，明朝皇帝大权独揽，在世界政治史上明朝的政治体系也属于罕见的专制政体，施行军权、行政权、监察权三权分立的国家体制，后期由于监察权被废止，国体失衡很快衰败。
由于国家事务繁多，皇帝无法处理，洪武十五年九月罢四辅官，仿宋殿阁制设内阁。内阁只为皇帝的顾问，相当于今日总统府秘书长的职务（但后来内阁的地位逐渐提高，内阁首辅成为事实上的宰相）奏章的批答为皇帝的专责。
内阁大臣与皇帝沟通，全赖司礼监（宦官）。

丰臣秀吉统一日本后，意欲占领朝鲜。万历廿五年后，日本再次进攻朝鲜，战争进入僵局状态。万历廿六年，丰臣秀吉逝世，日本军心动摇，结果大败逃回日本。此即为壬辰卫国战争。这次战争严重削弱了明朝与朝鲜两国，明朝在张居正期间积蓄的国力大量被消耗，日本复又陷入分裂，女真部落成为相对的得益者。

手工业方面，明代仍然延续了元代的匠籍制，也就是规定全国技术好的手工业工人必须于官营手工业部门服务的制度。
景德镇成为了世界瓷都。然而明代推行“重农抑商”的原则以及严厉的海禁政策，使得商业受到了一定的压制，但明穆宗隆庆元年（1567年）废除海禁后，海外贸易重新活跃起来，全盛时远洋船舶吨位高达18000吨，占当时世界总量的18%。

明太祖洪武十四年（1381年）：59,873,305人。
明思宗崇祯十三年（1640年）：140,000,000人。
So now the population is 10 times..

明代沿袭了元代，将人户分为民、军、匠三等。手工业者为匠籍。匠籍、军籍比一般民户地位低，不得应试，并要世代承袭。若想脱离原户籍极为困难，需经皇帝特旨批准方可。

明代的文化事业非常发达。在文学方面，中国小说史上的四大名著中的《西游记》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》三本就是出于明朝。写于万历年间的《金瓶梅》则侧重于描写市民阶级的生活。

在哲学思想上，王阳明继承陆九渊的“心学”并发扬光大，他的思想强调“致良知”及“知行合一”，并且肯定了人的主体性地位，将“人”的主动性放在学说的重心。而王阳明的弟子王艮更进一部的强化了此方面的论述，提出“百姓日用即道”，肯定了平民百姓日常生活的意义。而李赞则更肯定了“人欲”的价值，认为人的道德观念系源自于对日常生活的需求，表现追求个体价值的思想。

明代早期，社会风气比较节俭。后期伴随着商品经济的发达以及政府控制力的下降，社会风气转向浮华与奢糜，不论士大夫或百姓，在饮食、居住、穿着、娱乐各方面都更为讲究，与过去儒家崇尚简朴的风气有很大的差别。商人的地位也明显提高。明代也成为了中国历史上社会生活最丰富的朝代。

著名的书画家如擅长花鸟的徐渭、擅长人物画的陈洪绶，“明四家”沈周、文征明、唐寅和仇英，山水画大师董其昌。

明朝的宫殿建筑也十分宏伟，故宫即为例证。明朝各种历制建筑也十分严谨工整。天坛、太庙、社稷坛、孔庙都是十分巍峨庄严的建筑。

Don't ever give up

2010-02-01T10:35:00.000-08:00

"I have been always wondering that how to seize Fate by the throat as Beethoven did. And this picture explained it very clearly."
This is so funny that I cannot resist to post it on my blog (I didn't make it and I dunno who made it) ..

To discover

2010-01-25T11:15:00.000-08:00

Beverly Hills Public Library
444 N. Rexford Drive; Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Parking is available adjacent to the library at
450 N Rexford Drive
The first two hours are free, then 75 cents per 1/2 hour.

Beverly Canon Gardens
241 N. Canon Drive
Beverly Hills, CA 90210

Greystone Mansion
Greystone Park
905 Loma Vista Dr.
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Weddings and Special Events Phone: (310) 285-6834
Filming at Greystone: (310) 285-6835
Main Office Phone: (310) 285-6830
Park Hours:
Open daily, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. Pacific Standard Time
10 a.m. – 6 p.m. Daylight Savings Time
Please note that on weekends (especially during Spring and Summer months) we have weddings and special events, therefore, some areas will be off limits. Please call our office to confirm.
Admission to the grounds and parking are free.

World History Timeline
http://www.history.com/wt.do
http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/timeline.cfm
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8

Byebye rain, hello sun

2010-01-23T22:18:00.000-08:00

Tired of being sunny everyday, Los Angeles made its effort to change.
It rained for almost a week.

I have never seen this happened in LA before during my nearly 3-year stay. And I liked it, both the huge amount of water and the weirdness.

Everything felt fresh, new, and pure,

even my car.

I wanted to save the air in a huge bottle.
I remember the rain was pouring on me and the wind was huge enough to keep me from going forward. When I finally got into my office building, after 1-second surprised face, the guard began to laugh at me loudly. I wiped the water on my face, hardly opened my eyes, looked at him, then looked at myself, and began to laugh loudly with him.

The rain was not really that adorable, at least it made me missed one movie night =P.

Dear rain, I think I'll definitely miss you.
But for now, I have to say goodbye to you, and I will say hello to the sun again.

One way to get over with an addiction

2010-01-17T19:58:00.000-08:00

is to do it to an extreme extent.

You won't want to eat cookies anymore if you only eat cookies for days.
Probably you can do this with heroin as well, but the problem is that you are dead before you reach that extreme point.

Life is like a Brownian motion

2010-01-14T00:11:00.001-08:00

never ends,
never reach the equilibrium.

Wikipedia notes

2010-01-08T22:00:00.000-08:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_wireless_communications_service_providers
UMTS=W-CDMA=3GSM=3G=FOMA(Japan)
GSM(voice)+GPRS(data)=2.5G
GSM(voice)+EDGE(data)=2.75G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handhelds_with_WiFi_connectivity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA.
In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA).
By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched first - Japan and South Korea - 3G penetration is over 70%.
How about now? with iPhone and gPhone..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use
Similar to the internet, mobile is also an interactive media, but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users (source ITU).
60% in the world
54% in China
88% in US
has mobile phones

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone
A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones are used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.
In 1999 Japanese mobile operator NTT DoCoMo introduced its mobile internet service, i-Mode, which today is the world's largest mobile internet service and roughly the same size as Google in annual revenues.
In 2006 the total value of mobile phone paid media content exceeded internet paid media content and was worth 31 Billion dollars (source Informa 2007).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards
For comparison, imagine a cocktail party, where couples are talking to each other in a single room. The room represents the available bandwidth. In GSM, a speaker takes turns talking to a listener. The speaker talks for a short time and then stops to let another pair talk. There is never more than one speaker talking in the room, no one has to worry about two conversations mixing. In CDMA, any speaker can talk at any time; however each uses a different language. Each listener can only understand the language of their partner. As more and more couples talk, the background noise (representing the noise floor) gets louder, but because of the difference in languages, conversations do not mix.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29
In October, 2009, Gartner Inc. predicted that by 2012, Android would become the world's second most popular smartphone platform, behind only the Symbian OS which powers Nokia phones very popular outside the US. Meanwhile, BlackBerry would fall from 2nd to 5th place, iPhone would remain in 3rd place, and Microsoft's Windows Mobile would remain in 4th place.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership
As of 2008, The Walt Disney Company is the world's largest media conglomerate, with News Corporation, Viacom and Time Warner ranking second, third and fourth respectively.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_corporate_assets
Yum! Brands, Inc. (NYSE: YUM

) or Yum! is a Fortune 500 corporation, that operates or licenses Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, Wingstreet, and Long John Silver's restaurants worldwide, and A&W Restaurants (excluding A&W in Canada).
it is the world's largest fast food restaurant company in terms of system units—over 36,000 restaurants around the world in more than 110 countries and territories.
No wonder why Taco Bell, KFC and Pizza Hut always appear together..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Nuys_Airport
the world's busiest general aviation airport and the 25th busiest airport (in terms of takeoffs and landings) in the world.
Hollywood celebrities, politicians, and business executives are known to use this airport because it offers them convenience and anonymity.
Ah..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_source
The Three Gorges Dam in China, the largest hydro-electric power station in the world.
I dunno this before.. but I do remember the trip I went before this project was launched. A lot of places in Sichuan were buried (including the cool ghost city!) and I got the last chance to see them before they drown.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites

Useful Links

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-command-to-gathers-up-information-about-a-linux-system.html

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html

'Rome' is a good show

2010-01-03T15:00:00.000-08:00

As someone told me before, but I wasn't be able to appreciate it that time..
And thank you for that I learned to appreciate people/things partially even they have certain characteristics I dislike. ^____^
What is more magic is that vices I despise before may become virtues now, or at least, reasonable and acceptable.

Too many judgements are made from too few perspectives, too little information, knowledge and reasoning.

Life is so much better

2009-12-20T21:46:00.000-08:00

with a blender~

Sun comes out

2009-12-13T13:59:00.000-08:00

But I miss the rain.

Thanks to my mom

2009-12-07T00:31:00.000-08:00

=)))))))

2009-12-04T18:54:00.000-08:00

The images are fading.
The mind is questioning.
The spirit is withdrawing.
The reality is hiding.

My dad

2009-11-28T21:19:00.000-08:00

I remembered the time my dad carrying me on his neck.
I remembered the time my dad lashing me because of not-high-enough grades.
I remembered the time my dad motivating my competitiveness through persuading and prize-alluring.
I remembered the time my dad imposing all the rules on me for his authority.

And now he is helping me through all my problems with his insights of life.
I know all he did was not purely for me, he wants to fulfill his ambition through me, I am his extension.

Nonetheless, the fact is, my life is intensely intertwined with his.
I adored him, I hated him, I despised him and I also loved him.

Shining Golf Ball

2009-11-25T00:50:00.000-08:00

When you cannot play golf in the day with 50C degree temperature,
you go out during night with a piece of grass and shining golf balls.
It's even harder to lose the balls because rocks barely can hide them.

This is in Australia.
No matter how tough the environment is, people can find a way.

摩罗/ 我们拥有三百万年的民主经验

2009-11-16T21:56:00.000-08:00

人类常常错误地理解自己的历史，有时甚至长久地歪曲自己的历史。比如，我们本是从灵长目动物中分化发展而来的，可是我们早就忘记了这个事实，当一个名叫达尔文的科学家经过周密研究重新指出这个事实时，遭到了西方社会精英群体的猛烈攻击。这个故事显示了人类陷入认识的迷雾有多深。

另一个同样严重的错误出现在人类对于自身制度史的认识上。在现代人的描述中，民主制度似乎理所当然地是“文明时代”的伟大创造，是直到近代才逐渐繁荣起来的一种游戏规则。远古时代则难免由残暴的国王大权独揽，独霸天下，他们一个个喜怒无常、专横跋扈、草菅人命、为所欲为。所有的生民都在野蛮、专制的茫茫黑夜备受煎熬。
人类常常错误地理解自己的历史，有时甚至长久地歪曲自己的历史。比如，我们本是从灵长目动物中分化发展而来的，可是我们早就忘记了这个事实，当一个名叫达尔文的科学家经过周密研究重新指出这个事实时，遭到了西方社会精英群体的猛烈攻击。这个故事显示了人类陷入认识的迷雾有多深。另一个同样严重的错误出现在人类对于自身制度史的认识上。在现代人的描述中，民主制度似乎理所当然地是“文明时代”的伟大创造，是直到近代才逐渐繁荣起来的一种游戏规则。远古时代则难免由残暴的国王大权独揽，独霸天下，他们一个个喜怒无常、专横跋扈、草菅人命、为所欲为。所有的生民都在野蛮、专制的茫茫黑夜备受煎熬。这种错误由来已久，自古而然，用美国学者霍贝尔的话说：“古老的政治哲学认为，初民生活在一个犬牙魔爪暴虐统治之下的社会里，这一认识是毫无事实根据的。 ”（《初民的法律》311页，中国社会科学出版社1993年出版）自古以来的这种错误猜测充分体现了“文明人”的自负，我们把制度结构中理性的部分理解为“文明时代”的产物，而将制度结构中对人类构成伤害的部分看作是历史的馈赠。这种成见即使不能说是颠倒黑白，至少也必须指出，这是人类对于自身历史最荒谬的误解。跟达尔文大致同时代的英国学者弗雷泽（《金枝》）和美国学者摩尔根（《古代社会》），用严谨的研究揭示了人们在远古时代或者说原始社会的生活面貌，描述了原始文化和原始民主制度的真相，这标志着人类对于远古时代历史的荒谬认识的终结。在原始社会，那些被称作酋长或者国王的政治领袖，其遴选、上任、下台都在民众的掌握之中。在有的酋邦，民众如果对国王不满意，只要送上几颗鹦鹉蛋就能让事情圆满解决。弗雷泽介绍说，在18世纪的某一天，非洲埃俄王国的一个民众代表团，受广大民众的托付，来到国王的宫殿，送给国王一些鹦鹉蛋作为礼物。这些礼物的含义是：国王您肩负执政的重任一定很累了，现在是应该考虑摆脱繁重忧劳、轻松地休息睡眠的时候了。国王收到这份礼物，知道民众已经不满意他了。他恭敬地向代表团致辞，感谢臣民为他的健康舒适着想，然后退回自己的内室去歇息。表面上看好像是去睡觉，实际上他一进房就必须吩咐他的女人将自己勒死。整个过程很快就会完成。国王死后，他的儿子就像什么事情也没有发生过一样，安安静静地上台执政。这样的习俗一直延续到18世纪末

这种错误由来已久，自古而然，用美国学者霍贝尔的话说：“古老的政治哲学认为，初民生活在一个犬牙魔爪暴虐统治之下的社会里，这一认识是毫无事实根据的。”（《初民的法律》311页，中国社会科学出版社1993年出版）

自古以来的这种错误猜测充分体现了“文明人”的自负，我们把制度结构中理性的部分理解为“文明时代”的产物，而将制度结构中对人类构成伤害的部分看作是历史的馈赠。这种成见即使不能说是颠倒黑白，至少也必须指出，这是人类对于自身历史最荒谬的误解。

人类常常错误地理解自己的历史，有时甚至长久地歪曲自己的历史。比如，我们本是从灵长目动物中分化发展而来的，可是我们早就忘记了这个事实，当一个名叫达尔文的科学家经过周密研究重新指出这个事实时，遭到了西方社会精英群体的猛烈攻击。这个故事显示了人类陷入认识的迷雾有多深。另一个同样严重的错误出现在人类对于自身制度史的认识上。在现代人的描述中，民主制度似乎理所当然地是“文明时代”的伟大创造，是直到近代才逐渐繁荣起来的一种游戏规则。远古时代则难免由残暴的国王大权独揽，独霸天下，他们一个个喜怒无常、专横跋扈、草菅人命、为所欲为。所有的生民都在野蛮、专制的茫茫黑夜备受煎熬。这种错误由来已久，自古而然，用美国学者霍贝尔的话说：“古老的政治哲学认为，初民生活在一个犬牙魔爪暴虐统治之下的社会里，这一认识是毫无事实根据的。 ”（《初民的法律》311页，中国社会科学出版社1993年出版）自古以来的这种错误猜测充分体现了“文明人”的自负，我们把制度结构中理性的部分理解为“文明时代”的产物，而将制度结构中对人类构成伤害的部分看作是历史的馈赠。这种成见即使不能说是颠倒黑白，至少也必须指出，这是人类对于自身历史最荒谬的误解。跟达尔文大致同时代的英国学者弗雷泽（《金枝》）和美国学者摩尔根（《古代社会》），用严谨的研究揭示了人们在远古时代或者说原始社会的生活面貌，描述了原始文化和原始民主制度的真相，这标志着人类对于远古时代历史的荒谬认识的终结。在原始社会，那些被称作酋长或者国王的政治领袖，其遴选、上任、下台都在民众的掌握之中。在有的酋邦，民众如果对国王不满意，只要送上几颗鹦鹉蛋就能让事情圆满解决。弗雷泽介绍说，在18世纪的某一天，非洲埃俄王国的一个民众代表团，受广大民众的托付，来到国王的宫殿，送给国王一些鹦鹉蛋作为礼物。这些礼物的含义是：国王您肩负执政的重任一定很累了，现在是应该考虑摆脱繁重忧劳、轻松地休息睡眠的时候了。国王收到这份礼物，知道民众已经不满意他了。他恭敬地向代表团致辞，感谢臣民为他的健康舒适着想，然后退回自己的内室去歇息。表面上看好像是去睡觉，实际上他一进房就必须吩咐他的女人将自己勒死。整个过程很快就会完成。国王死后，他的儿子就像什么事情也没有发生过一样，安安静静地上台执政。这样的习俗一直延续到18世纪末跟达尔文大致同时代的英国学者弗雷泽（《金枝》）和美国学者摩尔根（《古代社会》），用严谨的研究揭示了人们在远古时代或者说原始社会的生活面貌，描述了原始文化和原始民主制度的真相，这标志着人类对于远古时代历史的荒谬认识的终结。

在原始社会，那些被称作酋长或者国王的政治领袖，其遴选、上任、下台都在民众的掌握之中。在有的酋邦，民众如果对国王不满意，只要送上几颗鹦鹉蛋就能让事情圆满解决。弗雷泽介绍说，在18 世纪的某一天，非洲埃俄王国的一个民众代表团，受广大民众的托付，来到国王的宫殿，送给国王一些鹦鹉蛋作为礼物。这些礼物的含义是：国王您肩负执政的重任一定很累了，现在是应该考虑摆脱繁重忧劳、轻松地休息睡眠的时候了。国王收到这份礼物，知道民众已经不满意他了。他恭敬地向代表团致辞，感谢臣民为他的健康舒适着想，然后退回自己的内室去歇息。表面上看好像是去睡觉，实际上他一进房就必须吩咐他的女人将自己勒死。整个过程很快就会完成。国王死后，他的儿子就像什么事情也没有发生过一样，安安静静地上台执政。这样的习俗一直延续到18世纪末期（弗雷泽《金枝》404页，大众文艺出版社1998年出版）。原始社会民主制度的完备和彻底由这个故事可见一斑。

摩尔根对原始社会之氏族制度的政治特征进行了这样的总结：“氏族制度本质上是一个民主制度。每一个氏族、每一个胞族、每一个部落，都是一个组织完备的自治团体，当几个部落联合成为一个民族时，其所产生的政府的组织原则也将同该民族的各个组成部分的活动原则相协调。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197页，江苏教育出版社期（弗雷泽《金枝》404页，大众文艺出版社1998年出版）。原始社会民主制度的完备和彻底由这个故事可见一斑。摩尔根对原始社会之氏族制度的政治特征进行了这样的总结：“氏族制度本质上是一个民主制度。每一个氏族、每一个胞族、每一个部落，都是一个组织完备的自治团体，当几个部落联合成为一个民族时，其所产生的政府的组织原则也将同该民族的各个组成部分的活动原则相协调。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197页，江苏教育出版社2005年出版。）在原始社会发展为阶级社会的漫长过程中，有的民族过早出现了君主制度。随着社会组织的日趋复杂，文明程度的日益提高，君主制度却越来越朝着集权、专制的方向发展。一个政治家越是才能超群、意志强大，他对原始社会的民主原则就背叛得越是彻底。可以说，这是人类史上一个极其奇怪的逆流。可是，也有一些民族在原始社会向阶级社会转型的过程中，极为尊重历史上的民主原则，千方百计呵护这种文明原则。就在埃及的法老、中国的周王号令四方时，古希腊城邦中的贵族们却依然像氏族时代那样商议公共事务，还常常召开国民大会对贵族们制定的政策和各种方案进行表决。这种对于国家事务的全民参与，对于治国和卫国责任的全面承担，忠实地体现了氏族时代“全体氏族成员共同负责”的政治原则。直到希腊北方的君主国家马其顿将雅典、底比斯、科林斯、卡尔基斯等等城邦共和国全部征服之后，这些城邦的民主制度才被摧毁，希腊世界才跟埃及、中国一样，进入君主制度时代。君主制度是对原始社会民主原则的全面背叛和摧毁，所以摩尔根旗帜鲜明地指出：“君主制度同氏族制度是不相容的。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197页，江苏教育出版社2005年出版。）根据弗雷泽和摩尔根的研究，人类不仅拥有像亚历山大和秦始皇那样实行专制和奴役的历史，同时拥有更加漫长的民主制度历史。人们习惯上认为，人类作为一种物种已经拥有三百万年的历史，也就是说人类的原始社会是从三百万年前开始的。严格意义的君主专制制度，在人类社会的流行却不到三千年时间。既然民主制度在历史上延续了三百万年，专制制度不过流行了三千年，是不是可以说民主制度更加适合人性？是不是可以相信它在人类神经深处的刻痕比专制制度留下的刻痕更深更牢？当我们不得不为三千年专制史所留下的罪恶感到耻辱时，我们是不是更有理由为三百万年的民主制度2005年出版。）

史感到欣慰和骄傲？三百万年的民主传统，其力量不足以低档三千年的专制传统的挟持和规范吗？如果我们越过三千年专制制度之惨痛历史，地球上每个人都可以骄傲地宣称：我的祖先世世代代生活在自由、民主的氏族之中，我的身上流淌着自由、民主的血液，我们拥有三百万年自由、民主、和平的政治经验。令人遗憾的是，人类对于这样一个简单的事实一直没有明确意识到，当弗雷泽和摩尔根向人类揭示这一历史事实时，人类几乎没有予以起码的重视。尤其不幸的是，弗雷泽和摩尔根的言论甚至没有机会像达尔文的学说那样遭到全社会的反对和声讨，因而无法产生广泛的影响。至今为止，他们的学说局限于研究历史的少数学人之中，而不被公众所了解。当年的达尔文一定没有意识到，那些对着他大吐唾沫的欧洲绅士们，为他的进化论之普及所做的贡献是如何地与日月同辉。就此而言，一百个捍卫和宣传进化论的赫胥黎所能造成的影响，也比不过那些阵营强大的反对者们。假如弗雷泽和摩尔根酒泉之下发现了这一点，他们对当年几乎被“文明世界”的唾沫淹死的达尔文，该是多么羡慕不已。好在人类在近几百年来的历史实践中，一直在将原始先民（被称为野蛮人）的政治思想和民主实践，转化为所谓“文明人”建设民主政治的伟大资源。在原始社会发展为阶级社会的漫长过程中，有的民族过早出现了君主制度。随着社会组织的日趋复杂，文明程度的日益提高，君主制度却越来越朝着集权、专制的方向发展。一个政治家越是才能超群、意志强大，他对原始社会的民主原则就背叛得越是彻底。可以说，这是人类史上一个极其奇怪的逆流。

可是，也有一些民族在原始社会向阶级社会转型的过程中，极为尊重历史上的民主原则，千方百计呵护这种文明原则。就在埃及的法老、中国的周王号令四方时，古希腊城邦中的贵族们却依然像氏族时代那样商议公共事务，还常常召开国民大会对贵族们制定的政策和各种方案进行表决。这种对于国家事务的全民参与，对于治国和卫国责任的全面承担，忠实地体现了氏族时代“全体氏族成员共同负责”的政治原则。直到希腊北方的君主国家马其顿将雅典、底比斯、科林斯、卡尔基斯等等城邦共和国全部征服之后，这些城邦的民主制度才被摧毁，希腊世界才跟埃及、中国一样，进入君主制度时代。

君主制度是对原始社会民主原则的全面背叛和摧毁，所以摩尔根旗帜鲜明地指出：“君主制度同氏族制度是不相容的。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197期（弗雷泽《金枝》404页，大众文艺出版社1998年出版）。原始社会民主制度的完备和彻底由这个故事可见一斑。摩尔根对原始社会之氏族制度的政治特征进行了这样的总结：“氏族制度本质上是一个民主制度。每一个氏族、每一个胞族、每一个部落，都是一个组织完备的自治团体，当几个部落联合成为一个民族时，其所产生的政府的组织原则也将同该民族的各个组成部分的活动原则相协调。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197页，江苏教育出版社2005年出版。）在原始社会发展为阶级社会的漫长过程中，有的民族过早出现了君主制度。随着社会组织的日趋复杂，文明程度的日益提高，君主制度却越来越朝着集权、专制的方向发展。一个政治家越是才能超群、意志强大，他对原始社会的民主原则就背叛得越是彻底。可以说，这是人类史上一个极其奇怪的逆流。可是，也有一些民族在原始社会向阶级社会转型的过程中，极为尊重历史上的民主原则，千方百计呵护这种文明原则。就在埃及的法老、中国的周王号令四方时，古希腊城邦中的贵族们却依然像氏族时代那样商议公共事务，还常常召开国民大会对贵族们制定的政策和各种方案进行表决。这种对于国家事务的全民参与，对于治国和卫国责任的全面承担，忠实地体现了氏族时代“全体氏族成员共同负责”的政治原则。直到希腊北方的君主国家马其顿将雅典、底比斯、科林斯、卡尔基斯等等城邦共和国全部征服之后，这些城邦的民主制度才被摧毁，希腊世界才跟埃及、中国一样，进入君主制度时代。君主制度是对原始社会民主原则的全面背叛和摧毁，所以摩尔根旗帜鲜明地指出：“君主制度同氏族制度是不相容的。”（摩尔根《古代社会》197页，江苏教育出版社2005年出版。）根据弗雷泽和摩尔根的研究，人类不仅拥有像亚历山大和秦始皇那样实行专制和奴役的历史，同时拥有更加漫长的民主制度历史。人们习惯上认为，人类作为一种物种已经拥有三百万年的历史，也就是说人类的原始社会是从三百万年前开始的。严格意义的君主专制制度，在人类社会的流行却不到三千年时间。既然民主制度在历史上延续了三百万年，专制制度不过流行了三千年，是不是可以说民主制度更加适合人性？是不是可以相信它在人类神经深处的刻痕比专制制度留下的刻痕更深更牢？当我们不得不为三千年专制史所留下的罪恶感到耻辱时，我们是不是更有理由为三百万年的民主制度页，江苏教育出版社2005年出版。）

根据弗雷泽和摩尔根的研究，人类不仅拥有像亚历山大和秦始皇那样实行专制和奴役的历史，同时拥有更加漫长的民主制度历史。人们习惯上认为，人类作为一种物种已经拥有三百万年的历史，也就是说人类的原始社会是从三百万年前开始的。严格意义的君主专制制度，在人类社会的流行却不到三千年时间。

人类常常错误地理解自己的历史，有时甚至长久地歪曲自己的历史。比如，我们本是从灵长目动物中分化发展而来的，可是我们早就忘记了这个事实，当一个名叫达尔文的科学家经过周密研究重新指出这个事实时，遭到了西方社会精英群体的猛烈攻击。这个故事显示了人类陷入认识的迷雾有多深。另一个同样严重的错误出现在人类对于自身制度史的认识上。在现代人的描述中，民主制度似乎理所当然地是“文明时代”的伟大创造，是直到近代才逐渐繁荣起来的一种游戏规则。远古时代则难免由残暴的国王大权独揽，独霸天下，他们一个个喜怒无常、专横跋扈、草菅人命、为所欲为。所有的生民都在野蛮、专制的茫茫黑夜备受煎熬。这种错误由来已久，自古而然，用美国学者霍贝尔的话说：“古老的政治哲学认为，初民生活在一个犬牙魔爪暴虐统治之下的社会里，这一认识是毫无事实根据的。 ”（《初民的法律》311页，中国社会科学出版社1993年出版）自古以来的这种错误猜测充分体现了“文明人”的自负，我们把制度结构中理性的部分理解为“文明时代”的产物，而将制度结构中对人类构成伤害的部分看作是历史的馈赠。这种成见即使不能说是颠倒黑白，至少也必须指出，这是人类对于自身历史最荒谬的误解。跟达尔文大致同时代的英国学者弗雷泽（《金枝》）和美国学者摩尔根（《古代社会》），用严谨的研究揭示了人们在远古时代或者说原始社会的生活面貌，描述了原始文化和原始民主制度的真相，这标志着人类对于远古时代历史的荒谬认识的终结。在原始社会，那些被称作酋长或者国王的政治领袖，其遴选、上任、下台都在民众的掌握之中。在有的酋邦，民众如果对国王不满意，只要送上几颗鹦鹉蛋就能让事情圆满解决。弗雷泽介绍说，在18世纪的某一天，非洲埃俄王国的一个民众代表团，受广大民众的托付，来到国王的宫殿，送给国王一些鹦鹉蛋作为礼物。这些礼物的含义是：国王您肩负执政的重任一定很累了，现在是应该考虑摆脱繁重忧劳、轻松地休息睡眠的时候了。国王收到这份礼物，知道民众已经不满意他了。他恭敬地向代表团致辞，感谢臣民为他的健康舒适着想，然后退回自己的内室去歇息。表面上看好像是去睡觉，实际上他一进房就必须吩咐他的女人将自己勒死。整个过程很快就会完成。国王死后，他的儿子就像什么事情也没有发生过一样，安安静静地上台执政。这样的习俗一直延续到18世纪末既然民主制度在历史上延续了三百万年，专制制度不过流行了三千年，是不是可以说民主制度更加适合人性？是不是可以相信它在人类神经深处的刻痕比专制制度留下的刻痕更深更牢？当我们不得不为三千年专制史所留下的罪恶感到耻辱时，我们是不是更有理由为三百万年的民主制度史感到欣慰和骄傲？三百万年的民主传统，其力量不足以低档三千年的专制传统的挟持和规范吗？如果我们越过三千年专制制度之惨痛历史，地球上每个人都可以骄傲地宣称：我的祖先世世代代生活在自由、民主的氏族之中，我的身上流淌着自由、民主的血液，我们拥有三百万年自由、民主、和平的政治经验。

令人遗憾的是，人类对于这样一个简单的事实一直没有明确意识到，当弗雷泽和摩尔根向人类揭示这一历史事实时，人类几乎没有予以起码的重视。尤其不幸的是，弗雷泽和摩尔根的言论甚至没有机会像达尔文的学说那样遭到全社会的反对和声讨，因而无法产生广泛的影响。至今为止，他们的学说局限于研究历史的少数学人之中，而不被公众所了解。
史感到欣慰和骄傲？三百万年的民主传统，其力量不足以低档三千年的专制传统的挟持和规范吗？如果我们越过三千年专制制度之惨痛历史，地球上每个人都可以骄傲地宣称：我的祖先世世代代生活在自由、民主的氏族之中，我的身上流淌着自由、民主的血液，我们拥有三百万年自由、民主、和平的政治经验。令人遗憾的是，人类对于这样一个简单的事实一直没有明确意识到，当弗雷泽和摩尔根向人类揭示这一历史事实时，人类几乎没有予以起码的重视。尤其不幸的是，弗雷泽和摩尔根的言论甚至没有机会像达尔文的学说那样遭到全社会的反对和声讨，因而无法产生广泛的影响。至今为止，他们的学说局限于研究历史的少数学人之中，而不被公众所了解。当年的达尔文一定没有意识到，那些对着他大吐唾沫的欧洲绅士们，为他的进化论之普及所做的贡献是如何地与日月同辉。就此而言，一百个捍卫和宣传进化论的赫胥黎所能造成的影响，也比不过那些阵营强大的反对者们。假如弗雷泽和摩尔根酒泉之下发现了这一点，他们对当年几乎被“文明世界”的唾沫淹死的达尔文，该是多么羡慕不已。好在人类在近几百年来的历史实践中，一直在将原始先民（被称为野蛮人）的政治思想和民主实践，转化为所谓“文明人”建设民主政治的伟大资源。

当年的达尔文一定没有意识到，那些对着他大吐唾沫的欧洲绅士们，为他的进化论之普及所做的贡献是如何地与日月同辉。就此而言，一百个捍卫和宣传进化论的赫胥黎所能造成的影响，也比不过那些阵营强大的反对者们。

人类常常错误地理解自己的历史，有时甚至长久地歪曲自己的历史。比如，我们本是从灵长目动物中分化发展而来的，可是我们早就忘记了这个事实，当一个名叫达尔文的科学家经过周密研究重新指出这个事实时，遭到了西方社会精英群体的猛烈攻击。这个故事显示了人类陷入认识的迷雾有多深。另一个同样严重的错误出现在人类对于自身制度史的认识上。在现代人的描述中，民主制度似乎理所当然地是“文明时代”的伟大创造，是直到近代才逐渐繁荣起来的一种游戏规则。远古时代则难免由残暴的国王大权独揽，独霸天下，他们一个个喜怒无常、专横跋扈、草菅人命、为所欲为。所有的生民都在野蛮、专制的茫茫黑夜备受煎熬。这种错误由来已久，自古而然，用美国学者霍贝尔的话说：“古老的政治哲学认为，初民生活在一个犬牙魔爪暴虐统治之下的社会里，这一认识是毫无事实根据的。 ”（《初民的法律》311页，中国社会科学出版社1993年出版）自古以来的这种错误猜测充分体现了“文明人”的自负，我们把制度结构中理性的部分理解为“文明时代”的产物，而将制度结构中对人类构成伤害的部分看作是历史的馈赠。这种成见即使不能说是颠倒黑白，至少也必须指出，这是人类对于自身历史最荒谬的误解。跟达尔文大致同时代的英国学者弗雷泽（《金枝》）和美国学者摩尔根（《古代社会》），用严谨的研究揭示了人们在远古时代或者说原始社会的生活面貌，描述了原始文化和原始民主制度的真相，这标志着人类对于远古时代历史的荒谬认识的终结。在原始社会，那些被称作酋长或者国王的政治领袖，其遴选、上任、下台都在民众的掌握之中。在有的酋邦，民众如果对国王不满意，只要送上几颗鹦鹉蛋就能让事情圆满解决。弗雷泽介绍说，在18世纪的某一天，非洲埃俄王国的一个民众代表团，受广大民众的托付，来到国王的宫殿，送给国王一些鹦鹉蛋作为礼物。这些礼物的含义是：国王您肩负执政的重任一定很累了，现在是应该考虑摆脱繁重忧劳、轻松地休息睡眠的时候了。国王收到这份礼物，知道民众已经不满意他了。他恭敬地向代表团致辞，感谢臣民为他的健康舒适着想，然后退回自己的内室去歇息。表面上看好像是去睡觉，实际上他一进房就必须吩咐他的女人将自己勒死。整个过程很快就会完成。国王死后，他的儿子就像什么事情也没有发生过一样，安安静静地上台执政。这样的习俗一直延续到18世纪末假如弗雷泽和摩尔根酒泉之下发现了这一点，他们对当年几乎被“文明世界”的唾沫淹死的达尔文，该是多么羡慕不已。

好在人类在近几百年来的历史实践中，一直在将原始先民（被称为野蛮人）的政治思想和民主实践，转化为所谓“文明人”建设民主政治的伟大资源。

Thank you all

2009-11-10T17:40:00.000-08:00

Limited memory drive away important things.
Even it is unlimited, crash could happen so it's better to have backup.
Now I'm using Blogspot as one means of backup and also a means to communicate.

I want to thank you all for what you did for me in the last few weeks, it is REALLY important to me and I TRULY appreciate them. (And yeah, the list is sorted, in importance order, no, I'm kidding, it's in alphabetic order ;P).

Alex
Chengjie
Cici
Dad&Mom
Dan
Ji
Kai
Qi
Yingying
Yulei

Interesting paper

2009-11-05T16:43:00.000-08:00

P. Faratin and D. Clark and P. Gilmore and S. Bauer and A. Berger and W. Lehr,
“Complexity of Internet interconnections: Technology, incentives and implications for policy”.
The 35th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy (TPRC), 2007.

David Clark, William Lehr, P. Faratin, S. Bauer and J. Wroclawski (2005):
The Growth of Internet Overlay Networks: Implications for Architecture, Industry Structure and Policy
In the proceedings of Telecommunications Policy Research Conference (TPRC-05), Washington, DC. 2005.

US Mobile Network Operators

2009-11-04T22:16:00.000-08:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators

No. 1 Verizon Wireless 87.7M subscribers
No. 2 AT&T 81.6M subscribers
No. 3 Sprint Nextel 48.81M subscribers
No. 4 T-Mobile 33.5

Verizon, AT&T, and Sprint are all Tier-1 networks.
But T-Mobile? I only found 3 T-Mobile ASes in US.
AS10728 T-MOBILE-AS10728 - T-Mobile USA, Inc.
AS21928 T-MOBILE-AS21928 - T-Mobile USA, Inc.
AS22140 T-MOBILE-AS22140 - T-Mobile USA, Inc.
And based on this, AS21928 and AS22140 are stub networks with AS10728 not found.

Then how does T-Mobile build its backbone network in US? anyone knows?

Just found out AS21928 has 3 Tier-1 providers: Global Crossing, AT&T and Level-3.

376 of the best one-liners on the Internet

2009-11-01T14:43:00.000-08:00

1. I asked God for a bike, but I know God doesn’t work that way. So I stole a bike and asked for forgiveness.

2. Do not argue with an idiot. He will drag you down to his level and beat you with experience.

3. I want to die peacefully in my sleep, like my grandfather.. Not screaming and yelling like the passengers in his car.

4. Sex is not the answer. Sex is the question. “Yes” is the answer.

5. The last thing I want to do is hurt you. But it’s still on the list.

6. Women might be able to fake orgasms. But men can fake a whole relationship.

7. We live in a society where pizza gets to your house before the police.

8. Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.

9. If I agreed with you we’d both be wrong.

10. We never really grow up, we only learn how to act in public.

11. Men have two emotions: Hungry and Horny. If you see him without an erection, make him a sandwich.

12. Having sex is like playing bridge. If you don’t have a good partner, you’d better have a good hand.

13. War does not determine who is right – only who is left.

14. Knowledge is knowing a tomato is a fruit; Wisdom is not putting it in a fruit salad.

15. Politicians and diapers have one thing in common. They should both be changed regularly, and for the same reason.

16. Going to church doesn’t make you a Christian any more than standing in a garage makes you a car.

17. The early bird might get the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese.

18. Children: You spend the first 2 years of their life teaching them to walk and talk. Then you spend the next 16 years telling them to sit down and shut-up.

19. My mother never saw the irony in calling me a son-of-a-bitch.

20. Evening news is where they begin with ‘Good evening’, and then proceed to tell you why it isn’t.

21. If sex is a pain in the ass, then you’re doing it wrong…

22. A bus station is where a bus stops. A train station is where a train stops. On my desk, I have a work station..

23. If you think nobody cares if you’re alive, try missing a couple of payments.

24. Better to remain silent and be thought a fool, than to speak and remove all doubt.

25. If God is watching us, the least we can do is be entertaining.

26. If 4 out of 5 people SUFFER from diarrhea… does that mean that one enjoys it?

27. To steal ideas from one person is plagiarism. To steal from many is research.

28. I thought I wanted a career, turns out I just wanted paychecks.

29. Some people are like Slinkies … not really good for anything, but you can’t help smiling when you see one tumble down the stairs.

30. Never, under any circumstances, take a sleeping pill and a laxative on the same night.

31. How is it one careless match can start a forest fire, but it takes a whole box to start a campfire?

32. Did you know that dolphins are so smart that within a few weeks of captivity, they can train people to stand on the very edge of the pool and throw them fish?

33. I didn’t fight my way to the top of the food chain to be a vegetarian

34. A bank is a place that will lend you money, if you can prove that you don’t need it.

35. A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing.

36. I saw a woman wearing a sweat shirt with “Guess” on it…so I said “Implants?”

37. Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?

38. Women will never be equal to men until they can walk down the street with a bald head and a beer gut, and still think they are sexy.

39. Whenever I fill out an application, in the part that says “If an emergency, notify:” I put “DOCTOR”. What’s my mother going to do?

40. A clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory.

41. The shinbone is a device for finding furniture in a dark room.

42. I didn’t say it was your fault, I said I was blaming you.

43. Good girls are bad girls that never get caught.

44. God must love stupid people. He made SO many.

45. The voices in my head may not be real, but they have some good ideas!

46. Laugh at your problems, everybody else does.

47. Artificial intelligence is no match for natural stupidity.

48. Crowded elevators smell different to midgets.

49. Fighting for peace is like fucking for virginity.

50. Behind every successful man is his woman. Behind the fall of a successful man is usually another woman.

51. The main reason Santa is so jolly is because he knows where all the bad girls live.

52. The sole purpose of a child’s middle name, is so he can tell when he’s really in trouble.

53. Always borrow money from a pessimist. He won’t expect it back.

54. He who smiles in a crisis has found someone to blame.

55. You do not need a parachute to skydive. You only need a parachute to skydive twice.

56. Never get into fights with ugly people, they have nothing to lose.

57. It’s not the fall that kills you; it’s the sudden stop at the end.

58. Some people say “If you can’t beat them, join them”. I say “If you can’t beat them, beat them”, because they will be expecting you to join them, so you will have the element of surprise.

59. Why do Americans choose from just two people to run for president and 50 for Miss America?

60. Never hit a man with glasses. Hit him with a baseball bat.

61. My opinions may have changed, but not the fact that I am right.

62. We have enough gun control. What we need is idiot control.

63. I intend to live forever. So far, so good.

64. Some cause happiness wherever they go. Others whenever they go.

65. A diplomat is someone who can tell you to go to hell in such a way that you will look forward to the trip.

66. My psychiatrist told me I was crazy and I said I want a second opinion. He said okay, you’re ugly too.

67. Hospitality: making your guests feel like they’re at home, even if you wish they were.

68. Money can’t buy happiness, but it sure makes misery easier to live with.

69. I discovered I scream the same way whether I’m about to be devoured by a great white shark or if a piece of seaweed touches my foot.

70. I don’t trust anything that bleeds for five days and doesn’t die.

71. I should’ve known it wasn’t going to work out between my ex-wife and me. After all, I’m a Libra and she’s a bitch.

72. I got in a fight one time with a really big guy, and he said, “I’m going to mop the floor with your face.” I said, “You’ll be sorry.” He said, “Oh, yeah? Why?” I said, “Well, you won’t be able to get into the corners very well.”

73. Worrying works! 90% of the things I worry about never happen.

74. When in doubt, mumble.

75. I always take life with a grain of salt, …plus a slice of lemon, …and a shot of tequila.

76. There’s a fine line between cuddling and holding someone down so they can’t get away.

77. A little boy asked his father, “Daddy, how much does it cost to get married?” Father replied, “I don’t know son, I’m still paying.”

78. Just remember…if the world didn’t suck, we’d all fall off.

79. I used to be indecisive. Now I’m not sure.

80. You’re never too old to learn something stupid.

81. Women may not hit harder, but they hit lower.

82. A bargain is something you don’t need at a price you can’t resist.

83. Jesus loves you, but everyone else thinks you’re an asshole.

84. With sufficient thrust, pigs fly just fine.

85. Knowledge is power, and power corrupts. So study hard and be evil.

86. Nostalgia isn’t what it used to be.

87. When tempted to fight fire with fire, remember that the Fire Department usually uses water.

88. To be sure of hitting the target, shoot first and call whatever you hit the target.

89. You are such a good friend that if we were on a sinking ship together and there was only one life jacket… I’d miss you heaps and think of you often.

90. I like work. It fascinates me. I sit and look at it for hours.

91. A TV can insult your intelligence, but nothing rubs it in like a computer.

92. Hallmark Card: “I’m so miserable without you, it’s almost like you’re still here.”

93. If at first you don’t succeed, skydiving is not for you!

94. A bus is a vehicle that runs twice as fast when you are after it as when you are in it.

95. Some people hear voices.. Some see invisible people.. Others have no imagination whatsoever.

96. Virginity is like a soapbubble, one prick and it is gone.

97. If winning isn’t everything why do they keep score?

98. Whoever coined the phrase “Quiet as a mouse” has never stepped on one.

99. If you are supposed to learn from your mistakes, why do some people have more than one child.

100. Change is inevitable, except from a vending machine.

101. Why is it that most nudists are people you don’t want to see naked?

102. I don’t suffer from insanity. I enjoy every minute of it.

103. When you go into court, you are putting your fate into the hands of people who weren’t smart enough to get out of jury duty.

104. If you keep your feet firmly on the ground, you’ll have trouble putting on your pants.

105. What’s the difference between a northern fairytale and a southern fairytale? A northern fairytale begins “Once upon a time…” A southern fairytale begins “Y’all ain’t gonna believe this shit…”

106. Does this rag smell like chloroform to you?

107. You know the world is going crazy when the best rapper is a white guy, the best golfer is a black guy, the tallest guy in the NBA is Chinese, the Swiss hold the America’s Cup, France is accusing the U.S. of arrogance, Germany doesn’t want to go to war, and the three most powerful men in America are named ‘Bush’, ‘Dick’, and ‘Colon’. Need I say more?

108. Children seldom misquote you. In fact, they usually repeat word for word what you shouldn’t have said.

109. Good health is merely the slowest possible rate at which one can die.

110. Some mistakes are too much fun to only make once.

111. If Bill Gates had a penny for every time I had to reboot my computer…oh wait, he does.

112. The big difference between sex for money and sex for free is that sex for money usually costs a lot less.

113. I don’t have an attitude problem. You have a perception problem.

114. George washington said “We would have a black president when pigs fly!”… well, swine flu.

115. Haikus are easy. But sometimes they don’t make sense. Refrigerator.

116. Children in the dark make accidents, but accidents in the dark make children.

117. Life’s a bitch, ’cause if it was a slut, it’d be easy.

118. I have never understood why women love cats. Cats are independent, they don’t listen, they don’t come in when you call, they like to stay out all night, and when they’re home they like to be left alone and sleep. In other words, every quality that women hate in a man, they love in a cat.

119. You know your children are growing up when they stop asking you where they came from and refuse to tell you where they’re going.

120. Deja Vu – When you think you’re doing something you’ve done before, it’s because God thought it was so funny, he had to rewind it for his friends.

121. The difference between an oral thermometer and a rectal thermometer is in the taste.

122. Girls are like roads, more the curves, more the dangerous they are.

123. Money talks…but all mine ever says is good-bye.

124. It is hard to understand how a cemetery raised its burial cost and blamed it on the cost of living.

125. By the time a man realises that his father was right, he has a son who thinks he’s wrong.

126. By the time you learn the rules of life, you’re too old to play the game.

127. Does time fly when you’re having sex or was it really just one minute?

128. If you’re looking for sympathy, you’ll find it in the dictionary between “shit” and “syphilis”

129. Why do they lock gas station bathrooms? Are they afraid someone will clean them?

130. Keep the dream alive: Hit the snooze button.

131. I don’t have a beer gut, I have a protective covering for my rock hard abs.

132. Build a man a fire, and he’ll be warm for a day. Set a man on fire, and he’ll be warm for the rest of his life.

133. Why is it called tourist season if we can’t shoot them?

134. We have all heard that a million monkeys banging on a million typewriters will eventually reproduce the entire works of Shakespeare. Now, thanks to the Internet, we know this is not true.

135. Who was the first to see a cow and think “I wonder what will happen if I squeeze these dangly things and drink whatever comes out?”

136. Panties not best thing on earth, but next to it.

137. Remember, if you smoke after sex you’re doing it too fast.

138. Why didn’t Noah swat those two mosquitoes?

139. Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate.

140. The difference between in-laws and outlaws? Outlaws are wanted.

141. If you can stay calm while all around you is chaos, then you probably haven’t completely understood the situation.

142. You know, they got a luggage store in the airport? A place to buy a piece of luggage? How late do you have to be for a flight where you’re like, ‘Fuck it – just grab a pile of shit. We’ll get a bag at the airport’.

143. It’s amazing that the amount of news that happens in the world everyday always just exactly fits the newspaper.

144. Hard work never killed anyone, but why take the chance?

145. Without nipples, breasts would be pointless.

146. According to a new survey, women say they feel more comfortable undressing in front of men than they do undressing in front of other women. They say that women are too judgmental, where, of course, men are just grateful.

147. I have all the money I’ll ever need – if I die by 4:00 p.m. today.

148. Experience is what you get when you didn’t get what you wanted.

149. Two years ago I married a lovely young virgin, and if that doesn’t change soon, I’m gonna divorce her.

150. Dogs have masters. Cats have staff.

151. Isn’t it odd the way everyone automatically assumes that the goo in soap dispensers is always soap? I like to fill mine with mustard, just to teach people a lesson in trust.

152. Well aren’t you a waste of two billion years of evolution.

153. The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously.

154. When you choke a smurf, what color does it turn?

155. Archeologist: someone whose carreer lies in ruins.

156. Join The Army, visit exotic places, meet strange people, then kill them.

157. Women should not have children after 35. Really… 35 children are enough.

158. Why do people keep running over a string a dozen times with their vacuum cleaner, then reach down, pick it up, examine it, then put it down to give their vacuum one more chance?

159. I don’t have an attitude; I have a personality you can’t handle.

160. I married Miss Right. I just didn’t know her first name was Always.

161. The probability of someone watching you is proportional to the stupidity of your action.

162. Impotence: Nature’s way of saying “No hard feelings”.

163. Do you realize that in about 40 years, we’ll have thousands of old ladies running around with tattoos?

164. There are three kinds of people: The ones who learn by reading. The ones who learn by observation. And the rest of them who have to touch the fire to learn it’s hot.

165. We are all time travelers moving at the speed of exactly 60 minutes per hour

166. America is a country which produces citizens who will cross the ocean to fight for democracy but won’t cross the street to vote.

167. To err is human, to blame it on somebody else shows management potential.

168. Alcohol is a perfect solvent: It dissolves marriages, families and careers.

169. Only in America… do banks leave both doors open and then chain the pens to the counters.

170. Vegetarian: Native American definition for “lousy hunter”.

171. Materialism: buying things we don’t need with money we don’t have to impress people that don’t matter.

172. The Miss Universe pageant is fixed. All the winners are from Earth.

173. It matters not whether you win or lose: what matters is whether I win or lose.

174. If you can’t convince them, confuse them.

175. Don’t piss me off! I’m running out of places to hide the bodies.

176. Progress is made by lazy men looking for an easier way to do things.

177. See, the problem is that God gives men a brain and a penis, and only enough blood to run one at a time.

178. I read recipes the same way I read science fiction. I get to the end and I think, “Well, that’s not going to happen.”

179. Smith & Wesson: The original point and click interface.

180. The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense.

181. 100,000 sperm and you were the fastest?

182. I saw six men kicking and punching the mother-in-law. My neighbour said ‘Are you going to help?’ I said ‘No, six should be enough.’

183. A friend is someone who will help you move. A GOOD friend is someone who will help you move a dead body.

184. Why do we press harder on a remote control when we know the batteries are getting weak?

185. Clinton lied. A man might forget where he parks or where he lives, but he never forgets oral sex, no matter how bad it is.

186. What if there were no hypothetical questions?

187. For every action, there is a corresponding over-reaction.

188. I’m a humble person, really. I’m actually much greater than I think I am.

189. Why is it called Alcoholics ANONYMOUS when the first thing you do is stand up and say, ‘My name is Peter and I am an alcoholic’

190. The best way to lie is to tell the truth, carefully edited truth.

191. Every day, man is making bigger and better fool-proof things, and every day, nature is making bigger and better fools. So far, I think nature is winning.

192. I don’t have a solution, but I do admire the problem.

193. The hardest thing to learn in life is which bridge to cross and which to burn.

194. People tend to make rules for others and exceptions for themselves.

195. There are two kinds of friends : those who are around when you need them, and those who are around when they need you.

196. Don’t steal. That’s the government’s job.

197. A celebrity is someone who works hard all his life to become known and then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.

198. They call it “pms” because “mad cow disease” was already taken.

199. IRS: We’ve got what it takes to take what you’ve got.

200. Stress is when you wake up screaming and you realize you haven’t fallen asleep yet.

201. Sometimes the best helping hand you can give is a good, firm push.

202. What is the most important thing to learn in chemistry?
Never lick the spoon.

203. Lite: the new way to spell “Light,” now with 20% fewer letters!

204. Unless you’re the lead dog, the view never changes.

205. A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good.

206. No one is listening until you fart.

207. Only dead fish go with the flow.

208. Why don’t you slip into something more comfortable…like a coma.

209. Drink coffee! Do stupid things faster with more energy!

210. This isn’t an office. It’s hell with fluorescent lighting.

211. A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort.

212. Why is it so hard for women to find men that are sensitive, caring, and good-looking? Because those men already have boyfriends.

213. Life’s like a bird, it’s pretty cute until it shits on your head.

214. I’m multi-talented: I can talk and piss you off at the same time.

215. I was such an ugly kid. When I played in the sandbox the cat kept covering me up.

216. The easiest job in the world has to be coroner. Surgery on dead people. What’s the worst thing that could happen? If everything went wrong, maybe you’d get a pulse.

217. Foreign Aid: The transfer of money from poor people in rich countries to rich people in poor countries.

218. How do you get a sweet little 80-year-old lady to say the F word? Get another sweet little 80-year-old lady to yell *BINGO*!

219. 1 in 5 people in the world are Chinese. There are 5 people in my family, so it must be one of them. It’s either my mum or my dad. Or my older brother Colin. Or my younger brother Ho-Cha-Chu. But I think it’s Colin.

220. If corn oil comes from corn, where does baby oil come from?

221. Who lit the fuse on your tampon?

222. True friendship comes when the silence between two people is comfortable.

223. The trouble with being punctual is that nobody’s there to appreciate it.

224. If I’d shot you sooner, I’d be out of jail by now.

225. Insanity is hereditary. You get it from your kids.

226. Everything is edible, some things are only edible once.

227. What has four legs and an arm? A happy pit bull.

228. If Wal-Mart is lowering prices every day, why isn’t anything in the store is free yet?

229. There are no winners in life…only survivors.

230. Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it, misdiagnosing it and then misapplying the wrong remedies.

240. Just about the time when you think you can make ends meet, somebody moves the ends.

241. Wise people think all they say, fools say all they think.

242. One tequila, two tequila, three tequila, floor.

243. The knack of flying is learning how to throw yourself at the ground and miss.

244. If you must choose between two evils, pick the one you’ve never tried before.

245. It’s so simple to be wise. Just think of something stupid to say and then don’t say it.

246. We are all part of the ultimate statistic – ten out of ten die.

247. Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia: Fear of long words.

248. A committee is twelve men doing the work of one.

249. Ever notice that people who spend money on beer, cigarettes, and lottery tickets are always complaining about being broke and not feeling well?

250. If everything seems to be coming your way, you’re probably in the wrong lane.

251. I’m in shape. Round is a shape isn’t it

252. When we were together, you always said you’d die for me. Now that we’ve broke up, I think it’s time you kept your promise!

253. She said she was approaching forty, and I couldn’t help wondering from what direction.

254. If your dog is barking at the back door and your wife is yelling at the front door, who do you let in first? The dog, of course. He’ll shut up once you let him in.

255. During sex, my girlfriend always wants to talk to me. Just the other night she called me from a hotel.

256. They keep saying the right person will come along, I think mine got hit by a truck.

257. I said “no” to drugs, but they just wouldn’t listen.

258. Alcoholism is the only disease that tries to convince you that you don’t have it.

259. I sometimes go to my own little world, but that’s okay, they know me there.

260. I like long walks, especially when they are taken by people who annoy me.

261. My drinking team has a bowling problem.

262. A fine is a tax for doing wrong. A tax is a fine for doing well.

263. Why do they use sterilized needles for death by lethal injection?

264. It’s not how good your work is, it’s how well you explain it.

265. Seen it all, done it all, can’t remember most of it.

266. I wanna hang a map of the world in my house. Then I’m gonna put pins into all the locations that I’ve traveled to. But first, I’m gonna have to travel to the top two corners of the map so it won’t fall down.

267. If a leper gives you the finger, do you have to give it back?

268. Losing a husband can be hard: in my case it was almost impossible.

269. Efficiency is a highly developed form of laziness.

270. If a turtle doesn’t have a shell, is he homeless or naked?

271. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.

272. Failure is not falling down, it is not getting up again.

273. Bills travel through the mail at twice the speed

274. The best thing about living at the beach is that you only have assholes on three sides of you.

275. Silence doesn’t mean your sexual performance left her speechless.

276. The farther away the future is, the better it looks.

277. Why is it that in the US: If you take off all your clothes and walk down the street waving a machete and firing an Uzi, terrified citizens will phone the police and report: “There’s a naked person outside!”

278. Canadians are more polite when they are being rude than Americans are when they are being friendly.

279. Never test the depth of the water with both feet.

280. I tried to hang myself with a bungee chord. I kept almost dying

281. Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off? He’s all right now.

282. I have to exercise early in the morning before my brain figures out what I’m doing.

283. Some of us learn from the mistakes of others; the rest of us have to be the others.

284. You are depriving some poor village of its idiot.

285. Discretion is being able to raise your eyebrow instead of your voice.

286. Every so often, I like to go to the window, look up, and smile for a satellite picture.

287. At every party there are two kinds of people: those who want to go home and those who don’t. The trouble is, they are usually married to each other.

288. The journey of a thousand miles begins with a broken fan belt and a flat tire.

289. Constipated people don’t give a crap.

290. Why is a bra singular and panties plural?

291. Be safety conscious. 80% of people are caused by accidents.

292. Without ME, it’s just AWESO.

293. If you do not say it, they can’t repeat it.

294. I was thinking about how people seem to read the Bible a whole lot more as they get older. Then it dawned on me… they were cramming for their finals.

295. Be careful of your thoughts, they may become words at any moment.

296. If you don’t care where you are, then you ain’t lost.

297. Your gene pool could use a little chlorine.

298. You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him.

299. I pretend to work as long as they pretend to pay me.

300. You ever make fun of someone so much, you think you should thank them for all the good times you’ve had?

301. You have two choices in life: You can stay single and be miserable, or get married and wish you were dead.

302. I am not a vegetarian because I love animals. I am a vegetarian because I hate plants.

303. Roses are red violets are blue, I’m schizophrenic and so am I.

304. Ham and Eggs: A day’s work for a chicken, a lifetime commitment for a pig.

305. If the number 2 pencil is the most popular, why is it still number 2?

306. Don’t hate me because I’m beautiful. Hate me because your boyfriend thinks so.

307. Everyone has the right to be stupid, but you are abusing the privilege!

308. The trouble with doing something right the first time is that nobody appreciates how difficult it was.

309. The human brain is a wonderful thing. It starts working the moment you are born, and never stops until you stand up to speak in public.

310. Do not walk behind me, for I may not lead. Do not walk ahead of me, for I may not follow. Do not walk beside me either. Just pretty much leave me the hell alone.

311. Strangers have the best candy.

312. Rap is to music as Etch-A-Sketch is to art.

313. Men are like mascara, they usually run at the first sign of emotion.

314. Trust but verify.

315. The difference between divorce and legal separation is that a legal separation gives a husband time to hide his money.

316. WARNING: The consumption of alcohol may cause you to think you can sing.

317. The last time I was inside a woman was when I went to the Statue of Liberty.

318. Why do women always ask questions that have no right answers?

319. I ran into my ex the other day, hit reverse, and ran into him again.

320. If a mute kid swears does his mother wash his hands with soap?

321. How do you get holy water? Boil the hell out of it.

322. I’d kill for a Nobel Peace Prize.

323. Why do you need a driver’s license to buy liquor when you can’t drink and drive?

324. Sometimes when I reflect back on all the beer I drink I feel shamed. Then I look into the glass and think about the workers in the brewery and all of their hopes and dreams. If I didn’t drink this beer, they might be out of work and their dreams would be shattered. Then I say to myself, “It is better that I drink this beer and let their dreams come true than be selfish and worry about my liver.

325. Your kid may be an honors student, but you’re still an idiot.

326. Insanity is defined as doing the same thing over and over again, expecting different results.

327. Think of how stupid the average person is, and realize half of them are stupider than that.

328. It was love at first sight. Then I took a second look !!

329. Everybody is somebody else’s weirdo.

330. I think, therefore I’m single.

331. It ain’t the jeans that make your butt look fat.

332. Should crematoriums give discounts for burn victims?

333. When you stop believing in Santa Claus is when you start getting clothes for Christmas!

334. I bet you I could stop gambling.

335. The only difference between the people I’ve dated and Charles Manson is that Manson has the decency to look like a nut case when you first meet him.

336. Sex on tv can’t hurt unless you fall off.

337. Two antennas met on a roof, fell in love and got married. The ceremony wasn’t much, but the reception was excellent.

338. Who invented the brush they put next to the toilet? That thing hurts!

339. If a dog sniffs your ass, you’re probably a bitch.

340. Never agree to plastic surgery if the doctor’s office is full of portraits by Picasso.

341. Accept it. Your parents HAVE had sex before.

342. 668 – The neighbour of the beast.

343. I love oral sex…it’s the phone bill I hate.

344. Sex at age 90 is like trying to shoot pool with a rope.

345. Children in the back seats of cars cause accidents, but accidents in the back seats of cars cause children.

346. I’ve learned that the people you care most about in life are taken from you too soon and all the less important ones just never go away.

347. The last time someone listened to a Bush, a bunch of people wandered in the desert for 40 years!

348. Squirrels – nature’s speed bumps.

349. When you go to the drugstore, why are the condoms not in with the other party supplies?

350. It’s bad luck to be superstitious.

351. There are two kinds of people who don’t say much: those who are quiet and those who talk a lot.

352. The reason grandchildren and grandparents get along so well is because they have a common “enemy”.

353. Friends are like condoms: They protect you when things get hard.

354. With a calendar, your days are numbered.

355. If it’s true that we are here to help others, then what exactly are the others here for?

356. The sex was so good that even the neighbors had a cigarette.

357. It’s not the bullet that kills you, it’s the hole.

358. I ran three miles today. Finally I said, “Lady take your purse.”

359. If good things come in small packages, then more good things can come in large packages.

360. You may have a heart of gold, but so does a hard-boiled egg.

361. My wife ran off with my best friend last week. I miss him!

362. A woman has got to love a bad man once or twice in her life, to be thankful for a good one.

363. A cat, by any other name, is still a sneaky little furball that barfs on the furniture.

364. Laugh and the world laughs with you. Snore and you sleep alone

365. Being in a nudist colony probably takes all the fun out of Halloween.

366. Married men live longer than single men, but they’re a lot more willing to die.

367. If life hands you lemons, break out the tequila!

368. Beauty is only skin deep…but ugly goes all the way to the bone!

369. A cheap shot is a terrible thing to waste.

370. A hard thing about a business is minding your own.

371. Most women don’t know where to look when they’re eating a banana.

372. If you go to sleep with a itching ass you will wake up with a stinking finger …

373. Does time fly when you’re having sex or was it really just one minute?

374. We are all time travelers moving at the speed of exactly 60 minutes per hour

375. If you’re going to ride my ass at least pull my hair and make me scream!

376. The big difference between sex for money and sex for free is that sex for money usually costs a lot less.

Economics of IP Geolocation

2009-10-29T16:41:00.000-07:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolocation_software

One application is marketing.

Marketing needs to take these factors into consideration:
Geographic region (is sex advertisement okay in China? what restaurants are near me? what's the sense of surfing equipment advertisement if I live in Colorado?)
Organization (If you know I'm from USC, shouldn't you overwhelm me with USC fans' stuff?)
Internet connection (I have broadband, offer me more fancy data-intensive application)

And IP address can be mapped to these factors by means

RIR (ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC, LACNIC, AfriNIC)
Weather websites (ZIP code, city)
Google map (my default address...)
Online Social Network (my current network, events' location)
Any website you provided your address.

An IP address could be related to other information in your profile, like your age, your gender, you interests, you favourite musician, and based on these factors, your world will be further narrowed and personalized by marketers.
I guess the fundamental goal of these marketers is to gain this IP-to-Human mapping, if I know a.b.c.d is Claire, and I know Claire likes cakes, then I'm going to overwhelm her with all the fancy cakes near her apartment.

However, IP-to-Human mapping changes fast thanks to the dynamic addressing. The intermediate mappings in this IP-to-Human mapping are

IP-to-Host (your desktop, laptop, iPhone)
Host-to-Human

The dynamic addressing happens at IP-to-Host level. It changes quicker for Chinese DSL users (I guess? at least my dad shut down the modem quite often... but as Chinese get richer...), and slower for American cable modem users (I forgot the last time I shut down my modem...). But since more stuff are more mobile, I guess this IP-to-Host mapping's dynamics will keep increasing..

So the marketers have this headache with IP-to-Human mapping, however, people found IP-to-Geo is relatively more stable. So marketers don't care a.b.c.d is Claire, they just care a.b.c.d is someone living in Los Angeles, CA. And people living in LA like to party and surfing.. lol (obviously it doesn't apply for all, and they have better means to improve their knowledge about you..)

So... don't think there are so many great FREE services online... They know how to make money without your knowing. The more free services you use, the more exposed you are, and the more personalized your web is. Sometimes it's great though, I don't care live events in NYC. Sometimes it can be harmful, like my mentor once told me, the insurance company can decline to offer you plan because you searched too many times "AIDS".

Course plan

2009-10-29T13:46:00.000-07:00

Probably I should get a taste of Marshall and Annenberg.

Marshall
--------------
BUAD 307: Marketing Fundamentals (4 units)
Develops a managerial viewpoint in planning and evaluating marketing decisions of the firm: products, pricing, channels, promotion, information processing, legal implications, and marketing in contemporary society.
Fall 2009
14800R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Monday 184 of 188 Rex Kovacevich HOH EDI
14812R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Wednesday 189 of 192 Ira Kalb HOH EDI
14824R Lecture 2:00-3:50pm Tuesday 196 of 199 Lars Perner HOH EDI
14836R Lecture 2:00-3:50pm Thursday 184 of 188 Marlene Morris Towns HOH EDI
Spring 2010
14800R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Monday 7 of 190 Lars Perner HOH EDI
14812R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Wednesday 4 of 190 Ira Kalb HOH EDI
14824R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Tuesday 10 of 190 Rex Kovacevich HOH EDI
14836R Lecture 12:00-1:50pm Thursday 1 of 190 Marlene Morris Towns HOH EDI

Annenberg
-----------------
COMM 206: Communication and Culture (4 units)
Examines cultural institutions, ideologies, artifacts, and productions; role of culture in everyday life; cultural studies as methodology; culture and power.
Fall 2009
20340R Lecture 12:30-1:50pm TTh 192 of 198 Alison Trope ASC G26
Spring 2010
20388R Lecture 12:30-1:50pm TTh 8 of 200 Alison Trope ASC G26

COMM 371: Censorship and the Law: From the Press to Cyberspace (4 units)
The study of current and historical battles over the limits of free expression from press and public parks to television, movies, music and cyberspace.
Spring 2010
20572R Lecture 6:30-9:20pm Tuesday 4 of 90 Michael Overing ASC G26

Curse?

2009-10-16T11:01:00.000-07:00

My stubborn dad told me to wear red this year since it's the year of ox.
I never took it seriously.

Probably I should.
So I wouldn't get homeless in Florida,
So I wouldn't take the stupid class and meet someone's room mate.
So I wouldn't ask someone to pick me up at the airport.
So my car tire wouldn't deflate totally when I got back.
So I wouldn't fail to measure the duration of yellow light and get caught by camera.
So I wouldn't get this damn headache today because I'm stupid enough to still have some expectation.

Probably I shouldn't.
Otherwise I'll never learn the stuff you won't learn while travelling with others.
Otherwise I'll never learn how to fix a deflated tire.
Otherwise I'll never learn how to deal with a ticket.
Otherwise I'll never learn the ugly truth.

There is nothing you cannot get over with,
and the more you get over with,
the more ox you are.

Dad, isn't it right? =)

同类 -- Stephanie Sun

2009-10-10T22:33:00.000-07:00

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptUNbO8y_OY

雨后的城市寂寞又狼狈
路边的座位它空着在等谁
我拉住时间它却不理会
有没有别人跟我一样很想被安慰
风停了又吹我忽然想起谁
天亮了又黑我过了好几岁
心暖了又灰世界有时候孤单的很需要另一个同类
爱收了又给我们都不太完美
梦作了又碎我们有几次机会　去追
我拉住时间它却不理会
有没有别人跟我一样很想被安慰
啦啦...
风停了又吹我忽然想起谁
天亮了又黑我过了好几岁
心暖了又灰世界有时候孤单的很需要另一个同类
爱收了又给我们都不太完美
梦作了又碎我们有几次机会　去追
不晓得为什么爱又稀少又昂贵
云在半空中被微风剪碎
回忆也许美可是正在飞走对不对

I'm so grateful for

2009-10-09T17:13:00.000-07:00

Chengjie's help with my stupidity this morning.

I got into an emotional mood and slept too late last night.
And I woke up this morning, brushed my teeth, washed my face like a robot, then drove to ISI.

Usually I will check everything before I get off my car, but today, I guess the emotional mood and not-enough sleep made mine intelligence go down. So I locked my car key in the car with engine still on...

There is no backup key. So I was thinking, oh, fine, ~!@#$%^&*()_+
But I'm aware that saying dirty words, or being helpless can not open the door, so I decide to go to my office and search for help online.

When I got to the office, I saw Chengjie's office was open and he was there, so I asked him for advise. Chengjie told me no worry, Huang Zong had made the same mistakes for at least 2-3 times, what we need to do is just to call AAA and they would open the door without breaking the lock.

So AAA came after 15 mins, everything got fixed and I even made my class on time.

Thank you so much Chengjie, I owe you too much, dude.

Notes of Philippa Foot

2009-10-07T21:51:00.001-07:00

In Virtues and Vices,

Almost any desire can lead a man to act unjustly, not even excluding the desire to help a friend or to save a life, whereas a cowardly act must be motivated by fear or a desire for safety, and an act of intemperance by a desire for pleasure, perhaps even for a particular range of pleasures such as those of eating or drinking or sex.

As with courage and temperance so with many other virtues: there is, for instance, a virtue of industriousness only because idleness is a temptation; and of humility only because men tend to think too well of themselves. Hope is a virtue because despair too is a temptation;

With virtues such as justice and charity it is a little different, because they correspond not to any particular desire or tendency that has to be kept in check but rather to a deficiency of motivation; and it is this that they must make good. If people were as much attached to the good of others as they are to their own good there would no more be a general virtue of benevolence than there is a general virtue of self-love. And if people cared about the rights of others as they care about their own rights no virtue of justice would be needed to look after the matter, and rules about such things as contracts and promises would only need to be made public, like the rules of a game that everyone was eager to play.

Aristotle on Women

2009-10-07T19:14:00.000-07:00

Aristotle believed that women are colder than men and thus a lower form of life.

According to Aristotle, man rightly takes charge over woman, because he commands superior intelligence. This will also profit the women who depend on him. He compares this to the relationship between human beings and tame animals.

On the other hand, Aristotle gave equal weight to women's happiness as he did to men's, and commented in his Rhetoric that a society cannot be happy unless women are happy too. In places like Sparta where the lot of women are bad, live in every sort of intemperance and luxury, and unhappy, there can only be half-happiness in society.

So I wikied Sparta women..

1. Spartan women enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world.
2. It is estimated that women were the sole owners of at least 35% of all land and property in Sparta.
3. unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased

Aristotle Notes (from Wikipedia)

2009-10-07T17:54:00.000-07:00

1. the Nutritive Soul (plants, animals and humans), the Perceptive Soul (animals and humans) and the Rational Soul (humans only). Thus, a human's function is to do what makes it human, to be good at what sets it apart from everything else: the ability to reason or logos.

2. Aristotle lists the following as moral virtues as habits which involve finding the correct mean between extreme options: courage, temperance (moderation), liberality (moderation in giving and taking money), magnificence (correctly dealing with great wealth or power), pride (claiming what is due to you), gentleness (moderation with respect to anger), agreeableness, truthfulness, and wit.

3. Courage is also explicitly connected with pain and pleasure in the sense that it is more painful to face that which frightens us and more pleasurable to flee.

4. Temperance is not self-indulgence or insensibility.

5. Aristotle states it is especially important to have honor since it is the greatest of the external goods and it is what great people think themselves most worthy.

6. Aristotle argues that friends can be viewed as second selves. Just as virtuous behaviour improves oneself, friends can improve each other.

7.Aristotle divides friendships into three types, that of utility, that of pleasure and that of the good. Two are inferior to the other because of the motive; friendships of utility and pleasure do not regard friends as people but what they can give in return.

Friendships of utility - Buying merchandise
Friendships of pleasure - share a hobby
Friendships of good - enjoy each other's characters

I only make friends who

2009-10-05T10:09:00.000-07:00

KEEP their promise.

One of the meaning of friends, to me, is RESPECTING each other.
We are EQUAL, no one is superior.

I like you, mostly is because you have certain characteristics I appreciate, either I already have or I am longing to have.
I'm willing to share that part of life with you, since I think we'll both enjoy it.
I know it's unfair that I'm the only person who decide what to share.
So you can SQUEEZE it, and we can agree on a smaller set with which we are both comfortable.

We'll agree on a LEVEL OF EXPECTATION of how much intersection of life to each other. It's okay for each side to give more if willing to, but only EXPECT that much. Only the expectation which cannot be satisfied causes pain.

We can also ADJUST the level of expectation, people change, I understand. But it should be fairly stable, otherwise what's the difference between instant promise and lie?

I'm willing to make friends, so I'll treat everyone I first met EQUALLY.
I'll be nice to you and get to know you.
We'll find out what we want to share and we'll agree on the level of expectation.

Once we agreed on the level of expectation.
Please DO what you say.
Please DO NOT fool me.
Please DO NOT make fake promise.
Please DO NOT raise the level of expectation if you only want more from me but not willing to give the equal amount.

I will try my best to trust you, but that doesn't mean I'm stupid.
If you lose my trust, believe me, it's going to be very difficult to gain it back.

Search engines in China

2009-10-01T09:09:00.000-07:00

http://www.bullogger.com/blogs/garbledtext/archives/940.aspx

I am wondering where is the original version..

香港城市大学的教授ANDREW LIH说，大多数中国人抱有一种长远的眼光看问题。“中国人有五千年的历史，你现在封一个网站，他们只会想，用不了多少时间，它自己就会回来的。”或者想想中国那些想方设法登陆维基百科全书的人。最近，伟基百科被全面封杀。这些人希望说服维基的管理者能够建立一个中国政府允许的版本，禁掉那些在中国不合法的条目。他们说，这对于中国来说其实是好事，特别是那些边远地区学校。（到目前为止，维基仍然表示不会创建一个审查过的版本）
Recently, wikipedia has been banned. Chinese people wish to persuade wiki managers to establish a Chinese-government-approved version. Actually this is a good thing for China, especially for schools in the countryside.

I think this makes a lot of sense, only criticizing Chinese government and stopping service is not an efficient way to go.

My Florida trip pic series (Atlanta & Great Smoky National Park)

2009-09-30T17:40:00.000-07:00

Centennial Olympic Park & CNN, Atlanta, GA
The park is pretty and there was a concert going on there.
The CNN headquarters is just next to the park. I personally don't really like CNN, but I still took a pic there.. lol
Aug 17, 2009

Great Smoky National Park, NC&TN
Aug 18-19, 2009

I saw bear!
I saw a black bear!
I saw the black bear for 3 times!

We were on the Appalachian Trail to Charlies Bunion. The bear showed up after we hiked for 1 mile. It saw us and ignored us. We decided to wait for a while and then keep going. But we met it again soon! The bear was walking on the trail.. Anyway, we gave up after we saw it the third time..
Well, the bear is circled in red, believe it or not..

My Florida trip pic series (Orlando, Gainesville & Okefenokee National Widelife Refuge)

2009-09-30T17:22:00.000-07:00

(I'm so lazy... I should finish this series of pics weeks ago...)

Lake Eola, Orlando, FL
The lake is located at downtown Orlando, full of swans, white, black and mixed race. =)
I didn't go to famous Disneyland as I still didn't go to the one in LA..
The thing I remembered clearest is the hotel I stayed, it was the most comfortable night I had along my trip..
Aug 15, 2009

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Dear Huang Xi Gua, my high school friend, let me stayed at her place for one night (tears~ T-T) and lead me to visit her school next day.
University of Florida is quite pretty in the sense it got a lot of trees (probably only suits my appetite..).
This is a small wooden church, with very unique design. Xixi said that it's only for wedding.. -_-
Aug 15, 2009

Okefenokee National Widelife Refuge, GA
This is in Georgia, not Florida. I finally begin to post pics outside of Florida.. lol
This is supposed to be a good place watching widelife, but I saw nothing... The summer is too hot for creatures! =.=
Aug 16, 2009

A pic to identify mainland Chinese

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有消息人士称，它用于在海外旅行的华人之间相互辨别身份。凡是看到这张图片先是哈哈大笑，然后黯然落泪的，可以判断为大陆同胞。
Someone says that this pic is used among Chinese abroad to identify themselves. Whoever laugh then become sad after see this pic, can be identified as from China mainland.

How Internet Works

2009-09-30T00:16:00.001-07:00

Original Version from Windows 7 Wallpaper
Chinese Version
The 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th pics are saying: "Dirty Information! Will be filtered! -- by Green Dam software".
The 8th pic is saying: "Your IP address has been recorded, you are wanted now".

I need to stop swimming for a while

2009-09-28T22:31:00.000-07:00

Otherwise I'm going to have a reverse panda face, haha

Btw, why most swimming pools here are outdoor while they say too much sunshine cause skin cancer??

I'm brewing my love for

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Avocado, Broccoli, Jie Lan, and Green soy bean
3/4 nights per week..

I am selfish indeed

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I don't want to hurt you, because I don't want you to hurt me. Even you can't hurt me directly, probably the next one I encounter will hurt me since he was hurt by someone else last time.

I don't want to lie to you, because I expect you being honest to me as well.
I wish a lot of conflicts can be solved by rational thinking with honest communication.
Yes, human have animal natures, but I wish they can be controlled.

I realize that I am assuming that everyone assumes the same as me, that everyone is equal, i.e., fairness.
I don't know if this will work, even in the future beyond my lifetime.

I am not noble at all,
I just want a simpler, and easier world FOR ME.
And the most important thing is that:
I have been the minority, and I am still in some aspects.
That's why I want fairness.

(I don't know what I am going to be like if I am the mightiest in every aspect.)

Bird in a cage

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I am a bird born in a cage.
The cage is my home, it's cosy, safe, protecting me from the unknown monsters outside.
I have a master loving me, protecting me, and feeding me.
The only thing I need to do for him is just singing.

Life is good, I always think it is.

One day, another bird came into the cage.
She looked unhappy, she wanted to get out.
I asked her, what are you doing? why not stay here? it's the best place in this world.
She looked at me, and said, how do you know it's the best place?
hmm.. because I got food I want, I got a secure cage protecting me from danger outside, and the most important, I got a master loving me and did a lot of things for me. I love him so much, I can never pay his love back.
As I was talking, I could see pity from her eyes, it was strange, why is she pitying me?
There is much much more delicious food outside, and it's not always dangerous outside. You see the berry your master is eating everyday? that's called blueberry, have you ever tried?
No.. I thought It's not edible for me.
Of course it is! Human just keep the best for themselves. They tell you what the best is and you believe it. They tell you they did all the things for you and make you feel owing them.

----------------

I am a bird living in the wild.
The wild is tough, dangerous, but full of discoveries.
No one protect me, no one feed me, no one guide me, I depend wholly on myself.

I get tired sometime, it even take me 8 hours to find something to eat.

One day when I was taking a snap, someone caught me.
Look, she got such beautiful feathers! she's must worth $200!
Oh, filthy humans..
I was sold more than $200, in fact, $400, double the price.
I was put into a cage, where another bird lives.
She looked happy.
I want to get out, I hate prison.
what are you doing? why not stay here? it's the best place in this world.
She looked at me curiously.
Oh, Such a naive bird...
how do you know it's the best place?
hmm.. because I got food I want, I got a secure cage protecting me from danger outside, and the most important, I got a master loving me and did a lot of things for me. I love him so much, I can never pay his love back.
Poor bird, she may probably has been lied to by human for her entire life, she may probably never go out, did she ever fly into the sky? does she know the feeling? oh, the wonderful feeling...
There is much much more delicious food outside, and it's not always dangerous outside. You see the berry your master is eating everyday? that's called blueberry, have you ever tried?
No.. I thought It's not edible for me.
Of course it is! Human just keep the best for themselves. They tell you what the best is and you believe it. They tell you they did all the things for you and make you feel owing them.
......
I don't believe you, why should I believe you? Even they are true, you shouldn't tell me, I was happy, but now I only feel angry and I can do nothing!
......
Maybe she is right, I shouldn't tell her, myself 2 years ago.

Pain and loneliness

2009-09-14T10:56:00.000-07:00

This book says pain and loneliness are associated with the same piece of our brain. So I was wondering, if I can cut that piece off, then am I going to be fearless? My friend laughed at me after he heard it, "pig head, if you cannot feel pain, you even don't know how your arm get cut off". Yeah, I was stupid.. and this book also mentioned that this loneliness gene is developed as an alert to us, since being alone is more dangerous than within a group. Especially for children, they are more vulnerable, so they will feel more pain than adults when left alone. I guess this applies to the weaker people as well, no offence, but it seems that weaker people are more sensitive about loneliness.

3rd times being asked "are you Japanese?"

2009-09-10T14:30:00.000-07:00

I went to Burton Chase Park this noon for a nice walk and reading.
I was moving my waist to get some exercise while reading, obviously this action attracted someone.

He walked to me, and asked: "are you Japanese?"
"No, I'm Chinese." I smiled.
"Oh, you are very beautiful."
"Thanks."

Since I didn't wear my glasses, I cannot know what his face was like when he heard I'm Chinese. He didn't say anything more, just walked away. And I moved my eyes back to my book.

This is the 3rd time or probably 4th time I've been asked "are you Japanese" since I got back to LA on late August. Whenever this happens, it reminds me how I reacted the first time when some CHINESE mistaking me as Japanese.

Back to my first year in USC, that was on a night of Visions and Voices event. After my friend introduced me to a group of Chinese students, a girl said to me: "Oh, I thought you are Japanese or Korean since you are wearing like this". I could feel the dislike/despise from her voice and her eyes, and I felt humiliated. At that time I even don't know where this humiliation is from. Is it because she thinks I am the "inferior" Japanese/Korean, and I think I should get affirmation of the "superior" Chinese? Perhaps so, but isn't this ridiculous? Are Chinese really superior?

Today this WHITE man did the same thing, but I don't feel humiliated anymore. I smiled, thanked his nice words. I wasn't wearing some clothes very Japanese, just regular T-shirt and shorts, but he still asked me "are you Japanese". I cannot see his face clearly, I didn't talk to him much, I cannot figure out what he was thinking. Perhaps he watched too much TV depicting how Chinese looks like, perhaps he has never been to China, perhaps he got all the impression of China from the 1960s, perhaps he thought that Japanese are more urbanized than Chinese, perhaps he thought mistaking a Chinese with Japanese is fine but the opposite is not, perhaps he is just trying to not humiliate me even he made a mistake. These are all just guess, but who cares that much.

Why is our confidence so low? why are we so defensive when we are mistaken as the "inferior" we defined. Are they really the inferior? Are you hiding from the fact that you are indeed the inferior?

Redwoods Parks

2009-09-07T23:30:00.000-07:00

The first impression of Redwoods Parks to me is that:
"wow, this looks just like the forest I saw in Lord of the Rings."

I don't know why I like trees and water so much (green&blue are also my favourite colors), probably because I've been conditioned in Sichuan for 14 years? -_-|| Redwoods to me, is a perfect combination of these two things. Trees are tall and green, air is cool and humid. I know my body gains a huge amount of pleasure by just standing inside of it.

It's also a new experience. It's a totally different world from the highly civilized Los Angeles, especially when you hike deeply into the forest.

The forest is mysterious, full of uncertain, and uncertain makes me exciting but also scared. Probably people enjoy the pleasure of certaintifying uncertain things, making unknown things known.

I admit that I get scared when walking alone into it for a while. Even it's just a short hiking trial, I was thinking, will I encounter a bear? or even a lion? will I get lost? will I be able get out of it before the sunset? At some point, it's getting really dark, and I heard voice from the bush, I was scared, bear? lion? Finally, I found an elk staring at me, lucky, not bear again.. (I encountered a black bear at Great Smoky Mountain NP for 3 times)

I realize how small, how powerless I can be when I am facing the nature alone.
I feel my fear, I feel the deep nature of myself.

Why do people need company?

2009-09-06T23:17:00.000-07:00

Fear?
Fear of what?
If not fear, then what?
Can they conquer it?
Can I conquer it?

What's the looniest creature in this world? turtle?
I wish I could talk to them see how they think..

Trinidad, CA, a place where I feel like I can retire there..

2009-09-05T21:56:00.000-07:00

It is breathtaking...
Just like my imagination of Peng Lai Xian Dao (think it as Chinese heaven, although I've never been there lol)...

Now it is my favourite beach, compared to the one in St. Petersburg.

I thought I wouldn't buy any house cause I don't want to get stuck at one place. However, Trinidad made me reconsider my decision. Probably when I get really old and cannot move anymore, I'll live there, and paint the extraordinary view everyday. ;)

Btw, this pic is from Wikipedia, my camera stopped working. =(
Trinidad is much more beautiful than the pic.

My Florida trip pic series (Sarasota & St. Petersburg)

2009-08-27T09:38:00.000-07:00

Towles Court Art Colony, Sarasota, FL
full of galleries, I quite like this place since I enjoy visual pleasure (colors, patterns and etc.) lots of art work is quite unique as well, like the bamboo, I was wondering is it painted or real? lol
Aug 14, 2009

American #1 Beach, St. Petersburg, FL
a very remote beach inside of a big park, I dunno if it's because I went there during weekday, there were not many people there, and there is no commercial shop around, very peaceful..
Aug 14, 2009

My Florida trip pic series (Florida Keys & Everglades National Park)

2009-08-27T09:12:00.000-07:00

Florida Keys, FL
The best part for me was the view I saw during driving, but since I was the only person in the car... hmm... make sure to bring enough drivers when you go.
The next day I got up at 6:00am, was hoping to see sunrise, however, it's not California, there are clouds..
Aug 11&12, 2009

Everglades National Park, FL
Never go to Everglades in summer. No alligators, only mosquitoes..
Aug 13, 2009

Interesting projects and information

2009-08-25T20:36:00.000-07:00

OpenNet Initiative
Internet Filtering Map
Infowar Monitor
Psiphon

Cyberwarfare
Ghostnet

In the report about China's Internet Censorship,
they mentioned:
"human flesh search engines" (人肉搜索)
"Fifty Cent Party" (五毛党)

My Florida trip pic series (Biscayne National Park & Black Point Park)

2009-08-25T18:07:00.000-07:00

Biscayne National Park, FL
I went to snorkelling and met a nice girl names Anna.
Aug 11, 2009

Black Point Park, FL
a very pretty trail full of mosquitoes..
Aug 11, 2009

My Florida trip pic series (Miami Beach)

2009-08-25T17:53:00.000-07:00

Miami Beach, FL
Espanola Way, where most historic architectures are
Aug 11, 2009

My Florida trip pic series (Cocoa Beach & Palm Beach)

2009-08-25T17:13:00.000-07:00

Cocoa Beach, FL
I especially like its pier, very unique ;) famous for surfing
Aug 10, 2009

Palm Beach, FL
A wealthy community, cutest sea grass & weirdest rocks I've ever seen though..
Aug 10, 2009

My Florida trip pic series (Tybee Island, Savanah & St. Augustine)

2009-08-25T16:19:00.000-07:00

St. Augustine, FL & St. Augustine Beach, FL
historic town, beautiful architectures
Aug 9, 2009

The smoke circle is from a cannon at the fort...

Book recommendation

2009-08-25T09:46:00.000-07:00

I STRONGLY recommend this person: Jiddu Krishnamurti.

By reading his books, I feel I can know myself better, know more about what I really I want, what will make me happy, thus I can be more TRUE to myself.

What he points out in our lives may sounds harsh to you. It feels like he is peeling your clothes and pointing out your flaws everywhere. There are usually 2 kinds of people: 1) the first kind immediately put their clothes back on, and say: "no, I don't have those flaws" (I hope they are just fooling others but not themselves); 2) the second kind admit those flaws and try to amend them, he/she even doesn't care to be naked.